महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-101, verse-9

तस्य तल्लाघवं दृष्ट्वा प्रहसन्द्विजसत्तमः ।
प्रेषयामास विशिखानष्टौ संनतपर्वणः ॥९॥

9. tasya tallāghavaṁ dṛṣṭvā prahasandvijasattamaḥ ,
preṣayāmāsa viśikhānaṣṭau saṁnataparvaṇaḥ.

9. tasya tat lāghavaṃ dṛṣṭvā prahasan dvijasattamaḥ
preṣayāmāsa viśikhān aṣṭau saṃnataparvaṇaḥ

9. dvijasattamaḥ tasya tat lāghavaṃ dṛṣṭvā prahasan
saṃnataparvaṇaḥ aṣṭau viśikhān preṣayāmāsa

9. Having seen his (Arjuna's) agility, Drona, the best among the twice-born (dvija), smiling, dispatched eight arrows with smooth, well-crafted shafts.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that

• लाघवं (lāghavaṁ) - agility, lightness, skill

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - Drona, the best among the twice-born (dvija) (best among the twice-born)

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he dispatched, he sent

• विशिखान् (viśikhān) - arrows

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• संनतपर्वणः (saṁnataparvaṇaḥ) - having smooth joints/shafts, well-jointed

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'lāghavaṃ'.

लाघवं (lāghavaṁ) - agility, lightness, skill

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, swiftness, agility, skill

Derived from laghu (light, swift).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Indeclinable past participle.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of Drona.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - smiling, laughing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of pra-√has (to laugh, smile).

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijasattamaḥ'.

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - Drona, the best among the twice-born (dvija) (best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born

Compound of dvija (twice-born) and sattama (superlative of sat, good/excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; or a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good).

Note: Refers to Drona.

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he dispatched, he sent

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of preṣaya

Causative of √iṣ with pra

Causative form of √iṣ (to move, go) with the prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Formed by reduplicated root + āmāsa.

विशिखान् (viśikhān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow (lit. 'headless' or 'pointless', referring to an arrow without a distinctive head or a well-defined point, though commonly used for any arrow)

Note: Object of 'preṣayāmāsa'.

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral)

Note: Implicitly agrees with viśikhān.

संनतपर्वणः (saṁnataparvaṇaḥ) - having smooth joints/shafts, well-jointed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃnataparvan

saṁnataparvan - having well-joined shafts, with smooth knots (referring to arrows)

Compound of samnata (bent, smooth, well-joined) and parvan (knot, joint, section).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃnata+parvan)

• saṃnata – bent, bowed, humble, smooth, well-joined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of sam-√nam (to bend, incline).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section, limb (of a reed or arrow shaft)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'viśikhān'.