महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-101, verse-10

तान्दृष्ट्वा पततः शीघ्रं द्रोणचापच्युताञ्शरान् ।
अवारयच्छरैरेव तावद्भिर्निशितैर्दृढैः ॥१०॥

10. tāndṛṣṭvā patataḥ śīghraṁ droṇacāpacyutāñśarān ,
avārayaccharaireva tāvadbhirniśitairdṛḍhaiḥ.

10. tān dṛṣṭvā patataḥ śīghraṃ droṇacāpacyutān śarān
avārayat śaraiḥ eva tāvaddbhiḥ niśitaiḥ dṛḍhaiḥ

10. śīghraṃ patataḥ droṇacāpacyutān tān śarān dṛṣṭvā
eva tāvaddbhiḥ niśitaiḥ dṛḍhaiḥ śaraiḥ avārayat

10. Having seen those arrows, which were falling swiftly and released from Drona's bow, he (Arjuna) countered them with an equal number of his own sharpened and strong arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पततः (patataḥ) - falling

• शीघ्रं (śīghraṁ) - quickly, swiftly

• द्रोणचापच्युतान् (droṇacāpacyutān) - released from Drona's bow

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he warded off, he checked, he prevented

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely, only

• तावद्द्भिः (tāvaddbhiḥ) - with just as many

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharpened

• दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ) - with strong, firm

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Drona's arrows.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Indeclinable past participle.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of Arjuna.

पततः (patataḥ) - falling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √pat (to fall, fly).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.

शीघ्रं (śīghraṁ) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially here.

Note: Modifies 'patataḥ'.

द्रोणचापच्युतान् (droṇacāpacyutān) - released from Drona's bow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of droṇacāpacyuta

droṇacāpacyuta - fallen/released from Drona's bow

Past Passive Participle

Compound of Droṇa (proper noun), cāpa (bow), and cyuta (past passive participle of √cyu, to fall, move from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+cāpa+cyuta)

• droṇa – Drona (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• cyuta – fallen, released, dropped
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √cyu (to fall, move from).
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he warded off, he checked, he prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vāraya

Causative of √vṛ

Causative form of √vṛ (to cover, restrain, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Augment 'a-' indicates past tense.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of 'avārayat'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'śaraiḥ' and 'tāvaddbhiḥ'.

तावद्द्भिः (tāvaddbhiḥ) - with just as many

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tāvat

tāvat - so many, as many as

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharpened

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of ni-√śo (to sharpen).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.

दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ) - with strong, firm

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - strong, firm, hard, steady

Note: Qualifies 'śaraiḥ'.