महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-101, verse-47

ते वध्यमाना द्रोणेन शक्रेणेव महासुराः ।
समकम्पन्त पाञ्चाला गावः शीतार्दिता इव ॥४७॥

47. te vadhyamānā droṇena śakreṇeva mahāsurāḥ ,
samakampanta pāñcālā gāvaḥ śītārditā iva.

47. te vadhyamānāḥ droṇena śakreṇa iva mahāsurāḥ
samakampanta pāñcālāḥ gāvaḥ śītārditāḥ iva

47. droṇena vadhyamānāḥ te pāñcālāḥ śakreṇa
mahāsurāḥ iva śītārditāḥ gāvaḥ iva samakampanta

47. The Pañcālas, being slaughtered by Droṇa, trembled like the great asuras (mahāsurāḥ) being struck down by Indra (Śakra), or like cows tormented by the cold.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being struck down

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Indra

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• महासुराः (mahāsurāḥ) - great demons, great asuras

• समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook violently

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom)

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - distressed by cold, tormented by cold

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being struck down

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being smitten

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with the suffix -yamāna.

Root: han (class 2)

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in the Mahabharata)

शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (king of the gods)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

महासुराः (mahāsurāḥ) - great demons, great asuras

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāsurā

mahāsurā - great demon, powerful asura

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+asura)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• asura – demon, anti-god, asura (one of a class of mythological beings)
  noun (masculine)

समकम्पन्त (samakampanta) - they trembled, they shook violently

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of sam-kamp

Prefix: sam

Root: kamp (class 1)

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Panchalas (people from the Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or inhabitant of the Pañcāla country (an ancient Indian kingdom)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox; ray of light

शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - distressed by cold, tormented by cold

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śītārdita

śītārdita - afflicted by cold, suffering from cold

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'śīta' (cold) and 'ardita' (distressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīta+ardita)

• śīta – cold, chilly, frigid
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – distressed, afflicted, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root ard (to pain, afflict).
  Root: ard (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)