महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-101, verse-18

द्रोणं विव्याध सप्तत्या स्वर्णपुङ्खैः शिलाशितैः ।
सारथिं चास्य भल्लेन बाह्वोरुरसि चार्पयत् ॥१८॥

18. droṇaṁ vivyādha saptatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ ,
sārathiṁ cāsya bhallena bāhvorurasi cārpayat.

18. droṇam vivyādha saptatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ
| sārathim ca asya bhallena bāhvoḥ urasi ca arpayat

18. (saḥ) droṇam saptatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ (bāṇaiḥ)
vivyādha ca asya sārathim bhallena bāhvoḥ urasi ca arpayat

18. He pierced Drona with seventy arrows, which had gold shafts and were sharpened on stone. And he struck Drona's charioteer with a broad-headed arrow (bhalla) on both arms and on the chest.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• सप्तत्या (saptatyā) - with seventy

• स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - with gold-feathered (arrows), with golden shafts

• शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - with stone-sharpened (arrows), sharpened on stone

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - Referring to Drona's charioteer. (his, of him)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow, with a bhalla arrow

• बाह्वोः (bāhvoḥ) - Locative: on the two arms (referring to Drona's charioteer's arms). (on the two arms, of the two arms)

• उरसि (urasi) - on the chest, in the breast

• च (ca) - and

• अर्पयत् (arpayat) - struck, discharged, caused to go

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a preceptor)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vivyadh

Root: vyadh (class 4)

सप्तत्या (saptatyā) - with seventy

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of saptati

saptati - seventy (the number)

Note: Used here as an instrumental, 'with seventy (arrows)'.

स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - with gold-feathered (arrows), with golden shafts

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svarṇapuṅkha

svarṇapuṅkha - having golden feathers/shafts (said of arrows)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svarṇa+puṅkha)

• svarṇa – gold
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather, shaft (of an arrow)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'bāṇaiḥ' (arrows).

शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - with stone-sharpened (arrows), sharpened on stone

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - sharpened on stone

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, whetted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with the past passive participle suffix 'kta'.
  Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'bāṇaiḥ' (arrows).

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Referring to Drona's charioteer. (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow, with a bhalla arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a broad-headed arrow, an arrow with a crescent-shaped head

बाह्वोः (bāhvoḥ) - Locative: on the two arms (referring to Drona's charioteer's arms). (on the two arms, of the two arms)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

उरसि (urasi) - on the chest, in the breast

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अर्पयत् (arpayat) - struck, discharged, caused to go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of arpay

Causative

Root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with causative suffix '-aya'.

Root: ṛ (class 3)