महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-101, verse-55

ब्राह्मणेन तपो नूनं चरितं दुश्चरं महत् ।
तथा हि युधि विक्रान्तो दहति क्षत्रियर्षभान् ॥५५॥

55. brāhmaṇena tapo nūnaṁ caritaṁ duścaraṁ mahat ,
tathā hi yudhi vikrānto dahati kṣatriyarṣabhān.

55. brāhmaṇena tapaḥ nūnam caritam duścaram mahat |
tathā hi yudhi vikrāntaḥ dahati kṣatriyarṣabhān

55. brāhmaṇena nūnam mahat duścaram tapaḥ caritam
tathā hi yudhi vikrāntaḥ kṣatriyarṣabhān dahati

55. Surely, a great and arduous spiritual discipline (tapas) must have been performed by this Brahmin. For indeed, valorous in battle, he consumes the foremost among the warriors (kṣatriya).

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the Brahmin, by one belonging to the priestly class

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, spiritual discipline, penance

• नूनम् (nūnam) - indeed, surely, certainly

• चरितम् (caritam) - performed, practiced, done

• दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - arduous, difficult to perform, hard to accomplish

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous (referring to the Brahmin, Droṇa) (valorous, mighty, powerful, victorious)

• दहति (dahati) - burns, consumes, destroys

• क्षत्रियर्षभान् (kṣatriyarṣabhān) - the best of kshatriyas, noble warriors, bull among kshatriyas

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the Brahmin, by one belonging to the priestly class

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, spiritual discipline, penance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, spiritual discipline (tapas), penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The form could also be accusative singular. Here, it functions as the subject or object of a past passive participle.

नूनम् (nūnam) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

चरितम् (caritam) - performed, practiced, done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of carita

carita - performed, practiced, done

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'car' (to move, perform) with suffix -ta

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - arduous, difficult to perform, hard to accomplish

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - arduous, difficult to perform, hard to accomplish

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+cara)

• dus – difficult, bad, evil
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, performing
  adjective
  Derived from root 'car' (to move, perform)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'mah' (to be great) or 'mahi' (to rejoice), present participle form

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to emphasize or provide a reason.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous (referring to the Brahmin, Droṇa) (valorous, mighty, powerful, victorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrānta

vikrānta - valorous, mighty, powerful, victorious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'vi' (forth, away)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied Brahmin (Droṇa).

दहति (dahati) - burns, consumes, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dah

Present Active Indicative

Root 'dah' (to burn), 3rd person singular

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Subject is the implied Brahmin (Droṇa).

क्षत्रियर्षभान् (kṣatriyarṣabhān) - the best of kshatriyas, noble warriors, bull among kshatriyas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣatriyarṣabha

kṣatriyarṣabha - the best of kshatriyas, noble warrior, bull among kshatriyas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+ṛṣabha)

• kṣatriya – warrior, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dahati'.