महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-78

तामापतन्तीं सहसा कौरवाणां महाचमूम् ।
अभिदुद्राव वेगेन पाण्डवः श्वेतवाहनः ॥७८॥

78. tāmāpatantīṁ sahasā kauravāṇāṁ mahācamūm ,
abhidudrāva vegena pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ.

78. tām āpatantīm sahasā kauravāṇām mahācamūm
abhidudrāva vegena pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ

78. pāṇḍavaḥ śvetavāhanaḥ vegena sahasā kauravāṇām
tām āpatantīm mahācamūm abhidudrāva

78. The Pāṇḍava, Arjuna (śvetavāhanaḥ), with great speed, rushed towards that vast Kaurava army that was suddenly advancing.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - referring to the great army (that, her)

• आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - rushing towards (the army) (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

• सहसा (sahasā) - with sudden force (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• महाचमूम् (mahācamūm) - great army, vast host

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards, charged

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, forcefully

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - referring to Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

• श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - referring to Arjuna, who had white horses for his chariot (having white steeds/vehicles)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - referring to the great army (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

आपतन्तीम् (āpatantīm) - rushing towards (the army) (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling upon, rushing

Present Active Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall, fly) with prefix ā (towards, upon)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mahācamūm`

सहसा (sahasā) - with sudden force (suddenly, forcefully, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial instrumental from `sahas` (force, power)

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to Kuru's family

Patronymic from Kuru

महाचमूम् (mahācamūm) - great army, vast host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahācamū

mahācamū - great army

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+camū)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• camū – army, host
  noun (feminine)

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - rushed towards, charged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of abhidudrāva

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

Intensive reduplication. From √dru (to run, flow) with prefix abhi (towards).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, forcefully

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, force, impetus

From √vij (to move quickly, vibrate) or √vah (to carry, convey).

Root: vij (class 3)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - referring to Arjuna (son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the sentence

श्वेतवाहनः (śvetavāhanaḥ) - referring to Arjuna, who had white horses for his chariot (having white steeds/vehicles)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetavāhana

śvetavāhana - having white horses/vehicles

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śveta+vāhana)

• śveta – white, bright
  adjective
• vāhana – vehicle, steed, mount
  noun (neuter)
  From √vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Appositive to `pāṇḍavaḥ`