महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-38

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य पाण्डवानां महारथाः ।
अभ्यवर्तन्त वेगेन भीमसेनपुरोगमाः ॥३८॥

38. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ ,
abhyavartanta vegena bhīmasenapurogamāḥ.

38. tam āpatantam saṃprekṣya pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ
abhyavartanta vegena bhīmasenapurōgamāḥ

38. pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ bhīmasenapurōgamāḥ tam
āpatantam saṃprekṣya vegena abhyavartanta

38. Upon seeing him (the elephant) approaching, the great charioteers of the Pandavas, with Bhīmasena at the forefront, swiftly advanced against it.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that elephant (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

• संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having thoroughly seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas (of the Pandavas, belonging to the Pandavas)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced against (it) (they advanced, they rushed towards, they turned against)

• वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

• भीमसेनपुर्ओगमाः (bhīmasenapurōgamāḥ) - with Bhīmasena at the forefront (having Bhīmasena as leader, led by Bhīmasena)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that elephant (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, rushing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `pat` (to fall, fly) with prefix `ā` (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'tam'.

संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having thoroughly seen (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefixes `sam` and `pra`. `kṣya` ending indicates absolutive with a prefix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive indicates prior action.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas (of the Pandavas, belonging to the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Note: Possessive plural.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they advanced against (it) (they advanced, they rushed towards, they turned against)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect, middle voice

Root `vṛt` with prefixes `abhi` (towards, against) and `ava` (down, away). Implies movement towards something.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Action of the charioteers.

वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij

Note: Indicates the manner of action.

भीमसेनपुर्ओगमाः (bhīmasenapurōgamāḥ) - with Bhīmasena at the forefront (having Bhīmasena as leader, led by Bhīmasena)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenapurōgama

bhīmasenapurōgama - having Bhīmasena as leader

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīmasena+purōgama)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purōgama – going before, leading, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  from `puras` (before) + `gam` (to go)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)