महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-58

तमापतन्तं सहसा दृष्ट्वा ज्वालाकुलं रणे ।
चिक्षेप रुचिरं तीक्ष्णमर्धचन्द्रं स पार्थिवः ।
चिच्छेद सुमहच्छूलं तेन बाणेन वेगवत् ॥५८॥

58. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā dṛṣṭvā jvālākulaṁ raṇe ,
cikṣepa ruciraṁ tīkṣṇamardhacandraṁ sa pārthivaḥ ,
ciccheda sumahacchūlaṁ tena bāṇena vegavat.

58. tam āpatantam sahasā dṛṣṭvā jvālāākulam
raṇe | cikṣepa ruciram tīkṣṇam
ardhacandram sa pārthivaḥ | ciccheda
sumahat śūlam tena bāṇena vegavat

58. raṇe jvālāākulam tam sahasā dṛṣṭvā,
sa pārthivaḥ ruciram tīkṣṇam ardhacandram cikṣepa tena vegavat bāṇena sumahat śūlam ciccheda

58. Seeing him suddenly approaching and ablaze in the battle, that king (pārthiva) hurled a beautiful, sharp, crescent-shaped arrow. With that swift arrow, he quickly severed the very great spear.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that, it

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling down

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• ज्वालाआकुलम् (jvālāākulam) - agitated by flames, ablaze

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - hurled, threw

• रुचिरम् (ruciram) - beautiful, bright, pleasing

• तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - sharp, keen, fierce

• अर्धचन्द्रम् (ardhacandram) - crescent-shaped arrow (half-moon, crescent-shaped)

• स (sa) - that, he

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler (descendant of Pṛthu)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut, severed

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge

• शूलम् (śūlam) - spear, pike

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by the arrow, with the arrow

• वेगवत् (vegavat) - swiftly, quickly, powerfully

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ज्वालाआकुलम् (jvālāākulam) - agitated by flames, ablaze

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvālāākula

jvālāākula - agitated by flames, ablaze, filled with fire

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jvālā+ākula)

• jvālā – flame, blaze
  noun (feminine)
• ākula – agitated, distressed, filled with, confused
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'tam' (him).

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, conflict

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - hurled, threw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṣip

Root: kṣip (class 6)

रुचिरम् (ruciram) - beautiful, bright, pleasing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rucira

rucira - bright, shining, beautiful, pleasing, charming

Note: Modifies 'ardhacandram' (arrow).

तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - sharp, keen, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pointed, fierce, hot

Note: Modifies 'ardhacandram' (arrow).

अर्धचन्द्रम् (ardhacandram) - crescent-shaped arrow (half-moon, crescent-shaped)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ardhacandra

ardhacandra - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ardha+candra)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective (neuter)
• candra – moon, luminous, beautiful
  noun (masculine)

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler (descendant of Pṛthu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, prince; earthly, territorial

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - cut, severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of chid

Root: chid (class 7)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, huge

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, vast, important
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'śūlam'.

शूलम् (śūlam) - spear, pike

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūla

śūla - spear, pike, dart; stake; acute pain

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by the arrow, with the arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, dart

वेगवत् (vegavat) - swiftly, quickly, powerfully

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the action or the arrow.