महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-3

कथयामास दुर्धर्षो विनिःश्वस्य पुनः पुनः ।
अब्रवीच्च तदा राजन्भीष्मं कुरुपितामहम् ॥३॥

3. kathayāmāsa durdharṣo viniḥśvasya punaḥ punaḥ ,
abravīcca tadā rājanbhīṣmaṁ kurupitāmaham.

3. kathayāmāsa durdharṣaḥ viniḥśvasya punaḥ punaḥ
abravīt ca tadā rājan bhīṣmam kurupitāmaham

3. durdharṣaḥ viniḥśvasya punaḥ punaḥ kathayāmāsa
tadā ca rājan bhīṣmam kurupitāmaham abravīt

3. The invincible one, sighing repeatedly, narrated everything. And then, O King, he addressed Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kurus.

Words meanings summery:

• कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he (Duryodhana) narrated (the events) (he narrated, he told)

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - the invincible one (Duryodhana) (invincible, formidable, unassailable)

• विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - sighing (deeply) (having sighed, after sighing)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (as part of 'again and again') (again, once more)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (as part of 'again and again', emphasizing repetition) (again, once more)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Duryodhana) spoke (to Bhīṣma) (he spoke, he said)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तदा (tadā) - then (after narrating) (then, at that time)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhīṣma (to Bhishma)

• कुरुपितामहम् (kurupitāmaham) - the Kuru grandfather (Bhīṣma) (the grandfather of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he (Duryodhana) narrated (the events) (he narrated, he told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kathayā

Periphrastic Perfect tense, Active voice, 3rd Person, Singular

Formed with `ām` and a perfect form of `as` (to be). From the root `kath` (class 10, to tell).

Root: kath (class 10)

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - the invincible one (Duryodhana) (invincible, formidable, unassailable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - invincible, difficult to overcome, unassailable

Compound: `dur` (difficult) + `dharṣa` (to dare, attack, from root `dhṛṣ`).

Compound type : dvigu (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• dharṣa – daring, boldness, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛṣ` (to dare, be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to Duryodhana.

विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - sighing (deeply) (having sighed, after sighing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `śvas` with prefixes `vi` and `nis`.

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Gerund/absolutive

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (as part of 'again and again') (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (as part of 'again and again', emphasizing repetition) (again, once more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition (`punaḥ punaḥ`) means 'repeatedly'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Duryodhana) spoke (to Bhīṣma) (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Active voice, 3rd Person, Singular

From root `brū` (class 2) with augment `a-`.

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main verbs `kathayāmāsa` and `abravīt`.

तदा (tadā) - then (after narrating) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem `tad`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem.

Root: rāj (class 1)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - to Bhīṣma (to Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name, son of Śāntanu and Gaṅgā)

From root `bhīṣ` (to frighten).

Root: bhīṣ

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

कुरुपितामहम् (kurupitāmaham) - the Kuru grandfather (Bhīṣma) (the grandfather of the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurupitāmaha

kurupitāmaha - grandfather of the Kurus

Compound: `kuru` (Kuru) + `pitāmaha` (grandfather).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+pitāmaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king or dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – grandfather (paternal)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `bhīṣmam`.