महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-48

प्रदुद्राव च वेगेन प्रणदन्भैरवं स्वनम् ।
स मर्दमानः स्वबलं वायुर्वृक्षानिवौजसा ॥४८॥

48. pradudrāva ca vegena praṇadanbhairavaṁ svanam ,
sa mardamānaḥ svabalaṁ vāyurvṛkṣānivaujasā.

48. pradudrāva ca vegena praṇadan bhairavam svanam
sa mardamānaḥ svabalam vāyuḥ vṛkṣān iva ojasā

48. sa ca vegena bhairavam svanam praṇadan vāyuḥ
ojasā vṛkṣān iva svabalam mardamānaḥ pradudrāva

48. And he fled forward with speed, letting out a terrifying roar, trampling his own forces, just as the wind, with its might, crushes trees.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - he fled forward (he fled forward, he ran away)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, forcibly)

• प्रणदन् (praṇadan) - letting out a terrifying roar (roaring, making a sound, sounding loudly)

• भैरवम् (bhairavam) - terrifying (terrifying, dreadful, formidable)

• स्वनम् (svanam) - roar (sound, noise, roar)

• स (sa) - he (the elephant) (he, that)

• मर्दमानः (mardamānaḥ) - trampling (crushing, trampling, hurting)

• स्वबलम् (svabalam) - his own forces (army) (his own army, his own strength)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind (wind, air, the god Vayu)

• वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• ओजसा (ojasā) - with its might (with force, with power, by strength)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - he fled forward (he fled forward, he ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-dru

Perfect, 3rd person singular

From root dru, with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, forcibly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

Root: vij

Note: Indicates the manner of action.

प्रणदन् (praṇadan) - letting out a terrifying roar (roaring, making a sound, sounding loudly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pra-ṇad

ṇad - to sound, roar, shout

Present Active Participle, masculine singular nominative

From root nad (to roar, sound) with prefix pra-. The 'n' becomes 'ṇ' due to retroflexion rule.

Prefix: pra

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, describing the agent of the main verb.

भैरवम् (bhairavam) - terrifying (terrifying, dreadful, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhairava

bhairava - terrifying, dreadful, formidable, frightful

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with `svanam`.

स्वनम् (svanam) - roar (sound, noise, roar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svana

svana - sound, noise, roar, voice

From root svan (to sound).

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Object of `praṇadan`.

स (sa) - he (the elephant) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: The subject of the participial phrase 'mardamānaḥ svabalam'.

मर्दमानः (mardamānaḥ) - trampling (crushing, trampling, hurting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛd

mṛd - to crush, trample, rub, destroy

Present Middle Participle, masculine singular nominative

From root mṛd (to crush) with the middle voice suffix -māna.

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Masculine nominative singular, describing the agent of the main verb.

स्वबलम् (svabalam) - his own forces (army) (his own army, his own strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svabala

svabala - own strength, own army, one's own power

Compound noun, 'sva' (own) and 'bala' (strength/army).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+bala)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Object of `mardamānaḥ`.

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind (wind, air, the god Vayu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject in the simile.

वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree, plant

Root: vṛśc (class 6)

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction for comparison.

ओजसा (ojasā) - with its might (with force, with power, by strength)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - power, might, strength, vigor

Root: uj

Note: Indicates the means or instrument.