महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-47

स गाढविद्धो व्यथितो नागो भरतसत्तम ।
उपावृत्तमदः क्षिप्रं स न्यवर्तत वेगतः ॥४७॥

47. sa gāḍhaviddho vyathito nāgo bharatasattama ,
upāvṛttamadaḥ kṣipraṁ sa nyavartata vegataḥ.

47. sa gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ nāgaḥ bharatasattama
upāvṛttamadaḥ kṣipram sa nyavartata vegataḥ

47. bharatasattama saḥ nāgaḥ gāḍhaviddhaḥ vyathitaḥ
upāvṛttamadaḥ saḥ kṣipram vegataḥ nyavartata

47. O best of Bharatas, that elephant, deeply wounded and distressed, quickly retreated with speed as its rut subsided.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (the elephant/Nāga) (he, that)

• गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded (deeply wounded, severely pierced)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, agitated, pained)

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (snake, elephant, mountain)

• भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O most excellent among Bharatas)

• उपावृत्तमदः (upāvṛttamadaḥ) - his rut subsided (whose rut has subsided, whose frenzy has turned back)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• स (sa) - he (the elephant/Nāga) (he, that)

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he retreated (he turned back, he retreated)

• वेगतः (vegataḥ) - with speed (swiftly, with speed, from speed)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (the elephant/Nāga) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गाढविद्धः (gāḍhaviddhaḥ) - deeply wounded (deeply wounded, severely pierced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍhaviddha

gāḍhaviddha - deeply pierced, thoroughly wounded

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective, 'viddha' (pierced, wounded) qualified by 'gāḍha' (deeply, severely).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gāḍha+viddha)

• gāḍha – deep, firm, severe, intense
  adjective (masculine)
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vyadh (to pierce, strike).
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `nāgaḥ`.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, agitated, pained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, agitated, pained, troubled

Past Passive Participle

From root vyath (to tremble, be agitated, suffer).

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `nāgaḥ`.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (snake, elephant, mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain, leader, chief

Root: nag

भरतसत्तम (bharatasattama) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O most excellent among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatasattama

bharatasattama - best of the Bharatas, most excellent among Bharatas

Compound noun, 'sattama' (best) qualifying 'bharata'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, most virtuous
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existing).

Note: An address to the listener.

उपावृत्तमदः (upāvṛttamadaḥ) - his rut subsided (whose rut has subsided, whose frenzy has turned back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāvṛttamada

upāvṛttamada - whose rut (mada) has turned back/subsided

Bahuvrihi compound with Past Passive Participle 'āvṛtta'

Compound adjective, 'mada' (rut/frenzy) is 'upāvṛtta' (turned back, subsided).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (upāvṛtta+mada)

• upāvṛtta – turned back, returned, subsided
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to turn) with prefixes upa- and ā-.
  Prefixes: upa+ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• mada – rut, intoxication, frenzy, pride, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `nāgaḥ`.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of the adjective kṣipra, used as an adverb.

स (sa) - he (the elephant/Nāga) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Emphatic repetition, or referring to the Nāga as the subject of the action 'nyavartata'.

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - he retreated (he turned back, he retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of ni-vṛt

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

From root vṛt, with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Sandhi: ni + avartata = nyavartata.

वेगतः (vegataḥ) - with speed (swiftly, with speed, from speed)

(indeclinable)

Root: vij