महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-91, verse-28

हयाश्च चामरापीडाः प्रासपाणिभिरास्थिताः ।
चोदिताः सादिभिः क्षिप्रं निपेतुरितरेतरम् ॥२८॥

28. hayāśca cāmarāpīḍāḥ prāsapāṇibhirāsthitāḥ ,
coditāḥ sādibhiḥ kṣipraṁ nipeturitaretaram.

28. hayāḥ ca cāmarāpīḍāḥ prāsapāṇibhiḥ āsthitāḥ
coditāḥ sādibhiḥ kṣipram nipetuḥ itaretaram

28. ca cāmarāpīḍāḥ hayāḥ prāsapāṇibhiḥ āsthitāḥ
sādibhiḥ coditāḥ kṣipram itaretaram nipetuḥ

28. The horses, adorned with chowries, ridden by those with lances in hand, were swiftly impelled by their riders and clashed with each other.

Words meanings summery:

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• चामरापीडाः (cāmarāpīḍāḥ) - adorned with chowries (on their heads) (having chowries as head-ornaments, adorned with chowries)

• प्रासपाणिभिः (prāsapāṇibhiḥ) - by those with lances in hand (referring to the riders) (by those with lances in hand)

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - mounted upon (by riders) (mounted, situated, standing, placed)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled, urged on (urged, impelled, commanded, excited)

• सादिभिः (sādibhiḥ) - by riders (by riders, by those who sit)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, immediately)

• निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they clashed, they rushed upon (they fell down, they rushed, they clashed)

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other (mutually, each other, reciprocally)

Words meanings and morphology

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

चामरापीडाः (cāmarāpīḍāḥ) - adorned with chowries (on their heads) (having chowries as head-ornaments, adorned with chowries)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cāmarāpīḍa

cāmarāpīḍa - having chowries as head-ornaments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cāmara+āpīḍa)

• cāmara – chowrie, yak-tail whisk
  noun (masculine)
• āpīḍa – head-ornament, garland, pressure
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√pīḍ (to press, adorn)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'

प्रासपाणिभिः (prāsapāṇibhiḥ) - by those with lances in hand (referring to the riders) (by those with lances in hand)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāsapāṇi

prāsapāṇi - having a spear/lance in hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāsa+pāṇi)

• prāsa – lance, spear, javelin
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√as (to throw)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: as (class 4)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the riders (sādibhiḥ)

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - mounted upon (by riders) (mounted, situated, standing, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - mounted, situated, standing, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √sthā (to stand) with the prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled, urged on (urged, impelled, commanded, excited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, commanded, excited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √cud (to urge, impel)

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ'

सादिभिः (sādibhiḥ) - by riders (by riders, by those who sit)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider, driver, one who sits on

Agent noun from √sad (to sit)

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action 'coditāḥ'

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they clashed, they rushed upon (they fell down, they rushed, they clashed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past (lit) of nipat

From the root √pat (to fall) with the prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense form

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other (mutually, each other, reciprocally)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of itaretara

itaretara - mutual, reciprocal, one another

Note: Used adverbially