महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-10, verse-70

तस्यां गृध्यन्ति राजानः शूरा धर्मार्थकोविदाः ।
ते त्यजन्त्याहवे प्राणान्रसागृद्धास्तरस्विनः ॥७०॥

70. tasyāṁ gṛdhyanti rājānaḥ śūrā dharmārthakovidāḥ ,
te tyajantyāhave prāṇānrasāgṛddhāstarasvinaḥ.

70. tasyām gṛdhyanti rājānaḥ śūrāḥ dharmārthakovidāḥ
te tyajanti āhave prāṇān rasa-agṛddhāḥ tarasvinaḥ

70. dharmārthakovidāḥ śūrāḥ rājānaḥ tasyām gṛdhyanti te
tarasvinaḥ rasa-agṛddhāḥ (santaḥ) āhave prāṇān tyajanti

70. Kings who are brave heroes and knowledgeable in the natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha) long for that land. Those powerful ones (tarasvinaḥ), who are not greedy for pleasures (rasāgṛddhāḥ), abandon their lives (prāṇān) in battle (āhave).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that land (in that, in her)

• गृध्यन्ति (gṛdhyanti) - they long for, they are greedy for, they desire

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, valiant

• धर्मार्थकोविदाः (dharmārthakovidāḥ) - skilled in natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

• ते (te) - they, those

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• रस-अगृद्धाः (rasa-agṛddhāḥ) - not greedy for pleasures / not attached to sensual enjoyments

• तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - mighty, powerful, energetic, swift

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that land (in that, in her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to bhūmi (land) from the previous verse.

गृध्यन्ति (gṛdhyanti) - they long for, they are greedy for, they desire

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gṛdh

Present Tense

3rd person plural active present tense from root gṛdh

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: The object of desire (the land) is in the locative case.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Subject of gṛdhyanti.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, valiant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant

Note: Appositive to rājānaḥ, or an adjective.

धर्मार्थकोविदाः (dharmārthakovidāḥ) - skilled in natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmārthakovida

dharmārthakovida - skilled in dharma and artha; knowledgeable in righteousness and prosperity

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha+kovida)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, expert, knowledgeable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rājānaḥ and śūrāḥ.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers back to rājānaḥ.

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they give up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Tense

3rd person plural active present tense from root tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From ā-hu, 'to challenge, invoke'.

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Denotes the location or context of the action.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of tyajanti.

रस-अगृद्धाः (rasa-agṛddhāḥ) - not greedy for pleasures / not attached to sensual enjoyments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rasāgṛddha

rasāgṛddha - not greedy for juice/pleasures

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (rasa+agṛddha)

• rasa – juice, taste, essence, pleasure, emotion
  noun (masculine)
• agṛddha – not greedy, not eager
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of gṛdh with negative prefix a-
  Prefix: a
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies te.

तरस्विनः (tarasvinaḥ) - mighty, powerful, energetic, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarasvin

tarasvin - swift, energetic, powerful, mighty

Suffixed with -vin from taras (swiftness, energy)

Note: Qualifies te.