महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-6, chapter-10, verse-64
यवनाश्च सकाम्बोजा दारुणा म्लेच्छजातयः ।
सक्षद्द्रुहः कुन्तलाश्च हूणाः पारतकैः सह ॥६४॥
सक्षद्द्रुहः कुन्तलाश्च हूणाः पारतकैः सह ॥६४॥
64. yavanāśca sakāmbojā dāruṇā mlecchajātayaḥ ,
sakṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāśca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha.
sakṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāśca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha.
64.
yavanāḥ ca sa-kāmbojāḥ dāruṇāḥ mleccha-jātayaḥ
sa-kṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāḥ ca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha
sa-kṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāḥ ca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha
64.
yavanāḥ ca sa-kāmbojāḥ dāruṇāḥ mleccha-jātayaḥ
sa-kṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāḥ ca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha
sa-kṣaddruhaḥ kuntalāḥ ca hūṇāḥ pāratakaiḥ saha
64.
The Yavanas along with the Kambojas, who are fierce barbarian (mleccha) tribes; the Kṣadruhas, the Kuntalas; the Hūṇas, along with the Pāratakas.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यवनाः (yavanāḥ) - Yavanas, Greeks, Ionians
- च (ca) - and, also
- स-काम्बोजाः (sa-kāmbojāḥ) - The Kambojas, listed as a proper noun in this enumeration of tribes. (with the Kambojas, the Kambojas (and their associates))
- दारुणाः (dāruṇāḥ) - fierce, cruel, terrible, formidable
- म्लेच्छ-जातयः (mleccha-jātayaḥ) - barbarian tribes or races
- स-क्षद्द्रुहः (sa-kṣaddruhaḥ) - The Kṣadruhas, listed as a proper noun in this enumeration of tribes. (with the Kṣadruhas, the Kṣadruhas (and their associates))
- कुन्तलाः (kuntalāḥ) - Kuntalas
- च (ca) - and, also
- हूणाः (hūṇāḥ) - Hūṇas, Huns
- पारतकैः (pāratakaiḥ) - by the Pāratakas, with the Pāratakas
- सह (saha) - with, together with, along with
Words meanings and morphology
यवनाः (yavanāḥ) - Yavanas, Greeks, Ionians
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yavana
yavana - an Ionian, a Greek; a foreigner, a barbarian
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
स-काम्बोजाः (sa-kāmbojāḥ) - The Kambojas, listed as a proper noun in this enumeration of tribes. (with the Kambojas, the Kambojas (and their associates))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-kāmboja
sa-kāmboja - together with Kambojas; accompanied by Kambojas
Bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'having Kambojas' or 'accompanied by Kambojas'. Used substantively here to refer to the people.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kāmboja)
- sa – with, together with, having
indeclinable - kāmboja – a native of Kamboja (an ancient kingdom, possibly in Afghanistan/Central Asia)
proper noun (masculine)
Note: Although morphologically an adjective, it functions as a proper noun in this context.
दारुणाः (dāruṇāḥ) - fierce, cruel, terrible, formidable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dāruṇa
dāruṇa - harsh, severe, formidable, cruel, fierce, terrible
Note: Modifies 'mleccha-jātayaḥ'.
म्लेच्छ-जातयः (mleccha-jātayaḥ) - barbarian tribes or races
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of mleccha-jāti
mleccha-jāti - a barbarian race or tribe
Tatpurusha compound 'mleccha' (barbarian) + 'jāti' (race/tribe).
Compound type : tatpurusha (mleccha+jāti)
- mleccha – a barbarian, a foreigner, a person of non-Aryan descent or language
noun (masculine) - jāti – birth, lineage, family, race, tribe, species
noun (feminine)
स-क्षद्द्रुहः (sa-kṣaddruhaḥ) - The Kṣadruhas, listed as a proper noun in this enumeration of tribes. (with the Kṣadruhas, the Kṣadruhas (and their associates))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-kṣaddruha
sa-kṣaddruha - together with Kṣadruhas; accompanied by Kṣadruhas
Bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'having Kṣadruhas' or 'accompanied by Kṣadruhas'. Used substantively here to refer to the people.
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kṣaddruha)
- sa – with, together with, having
indeclinable - kṣaddruha – name of a tribe or people
proper noun (masculine)
Note: Although morphologically an adjective, it functions as a proper noun in this context.
कुन्तलाः (kuntalāḥ) - Kuntalas
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kuntala
kuntala - name of a country and its people (often associated with parts of Deccan India)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
हूणाः (hūṇāḥ) - Hūṇas, Huns
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of hūṇa
hūṇa - a Hun, name of a nomadic Central Asian people who invaded India
पारतकैः (pāratakaiḥ) - by the Pāratakas, with the Pāratakas
(proper noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārataka
pārataka - name of a people, possibly related to Parthians or a region in western India
Note: Used with 'saha'.
सह (saha) - with, together with, along with
(indeclinable)