महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-5, chapter-81, verse-62
कच्चिल्लोकेषु कुशलं कच्चिद्धर्मः स्वनुष्ठितः ।
ब्राह्मणानां त्रयो वर्णाः कच्चित्तिष्ठन्ति शासने ॥६२॥
ब्राह्मणानां त्रयो वर्णाः कच्चित्तिष्ठन्ति शासने ॥६२॥
62. kaccillokeṣu kuśalaṁ kacciddharmaḥ svanuṣṭhitaḥ ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ trayo varṇāḥ kaccittiṣṭhanti śāsane.
brāhmaṇānāṁ trayo varṇāḥ kaccittiṣṭhanti śāsane.
62.
kaccit lokeṣu kuśalam kaccit dharmaḥ svanuṣṭhitaḥ
brāhmaṇānām trayaḥ varṇāḥ kaccit tiṣṭhanti śāsane
brāhmaṇānām trayaḥ varṇāḥ kaccit tiṣṭhanti śāsane
62.
"Is there well-being among the people?" he asked. "Is natural law (dharma) being properly followed? Do the three social classes (varṇa) remain obedient to the injunctions of the brahmins (brāhmaṇa)?"
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
- लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - among the people (among the worlds, among the people)
- कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity)
- कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)
- स्वनुष्ठितः (svanuṣṭhitaḥ) - properly followed (well-performed, properly executed, well-observed)
- ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the brahmins (brāhmaṇa) (of the brahmins)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors, characters)
- कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
- तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - remain (they stand, they abide, they remain)
- शासने (śāsane) - to the injunctions (in the command, in the instruction, in the rule, in the administration)
Words meanings and morphology
कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
(indeclinable)
लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - among the people (among the worlds, among the people)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of loka
loka - world, realm, people, community
कुशलम् (kuśalam) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kuśala
kuśala - well, good, clever, skillful
can also be used as a noun meaning 'welfare'
Note: Predicate nominative.
कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
(indeclinable)
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
from root dhṛ
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
स्वनुष्ठितः (svanuṣṭhitaḥ) - properly followed (well-performed, properly executed, well-observed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svanuṣṭhita
svanuṣṭhita - well-performed, properly executed, perfectly observed
Past Passive Participle
compound of su (well) and anuṣṭhita (performed), past passive participle of root sthā with upasarga anu
Compound type : praadi (su+anuṣṭhita)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable
prefix - anuṣṭhita – performed, executed, observed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
past passive participle of root sthā with upasarga anu
Prefix: anu
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Modifies dharmaḥ.
ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of the brahmins (brāhmaṇa) (of the brahmins)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, pertaining to Brahman
Note: Adjective/possessive modifying śāsane.
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
Note: Modifies varṇāḥ.
वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇa) (social classes, colors, characters)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa
varṇa - color, caste, social class, quality
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Refers to the kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra classes.
कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? (interrogative particle (is it that, I hope that))
(indeclinable)
तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - remain (they stand, they abide, they remain)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā
Present Active
3rd plural present active of root sthā (class 1)
Root: sthā (class 1)
शासने (śāsane) - to the injunctions (in the command, in the instruction, in the rule, in the administration)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śāsana
śāsana - command, instruction, rule, administration, teaching
from root śās (to teach, command)
Root: śās (class 2)
Note: The context implies obedience to these injunctions, hence 'obedient to the injunctions'.