महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-81, verse-43

अपि जातु स कालः स्यात्कृष्ण दुःखविपर्ययः ।
यदहं मातरं क्लिष्टां सुखे दध्यामरिंदम ॥४३॥

43. api jātu sa kālaḥ syātkṛṣṇa duḥkhaviparyayaḥ ,
yadahaṁ mātaraṁ kliṣṭāṁ sukhe dadhyāmariṁdama.

43. api jātu saḥ kālaḥ syāt kṛṣṇa duḥkha-viparyayaḥ
yat aham mātaram kliṣṭām sukhe dadhyām ariṃdama

43. O Krishna, O subduer of enemies, will that time ever come, that reversal of suffering (duḥkha), when I may place my distressed mother in happiness?

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - also, even, perhaps, (marks interrogation)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, perchance

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season, period

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, would be

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna

• दुःख-विपर्ययः (duḥkha-viparyayaḥ) - reversal of suffering, end of misery

• यत् (yat) - when, that, which

• अहम् (aham) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (I)

• मातरम् (mātaram) - Kuntī (mother)

• क्लिष्टाम् (kliṣṭām) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

• सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in comfort, in ease

• दध्याम् (dadhyām) - I may place, I would place, I would establish

• अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O Krishna (O subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - also, even, perhaps, (marks interrogation)

(indeclinable)

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, perchance

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, season, period

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna, dark, black

दुःख-विपर्ययः (duḥkha-viparyayaḥ) - reversal of suffering, end of misery

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha-viparyaya

duḥkha-viparyaya - reversal of suffering, cessation of misery

Compound type : genitive-tatpurusha (duḥkha+viparyaya)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• viparyaya – reversal, inversion, change, opposite
  noun (masculine)
  from vi-pari-i (to go in opposite direction)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)

यत् (yat) - when, that, which

(pronoun)

of yad

yad - which, what, when, that

Note: Used here as a conjunction introducing a clause.

अहम् (aham) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

मातरम् (mātaram) - Kuntī (mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

क्लिष्टाम् (kliṣṭām) - distressed, afflicted, tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kliṣṭa

kliṣṭa - distressed, afflicted, pained, tormented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kliś (to suffer, torment)

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaram'.

सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in comfort, in ease

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, ease

दध्याम् (dadhyām) - I may place, I would place, I would establish

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, Optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dhā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

अरिंदम (ariṁdama) - O Krishna (O subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• dama – taming, subduing, controlling
  noun (masculine)
  from √dam (to tame, subdue)
  Root: dam (class 4)