महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-81, verse-23

व्यपोढाभ्रघनः कालः क्षणेन समपद्यत ।
शिवश्चानुववौ वायुः प्रशान्तमभवद्रजः ॥२३॥

23. vyapoḍhābhraghanaḥ kālaḥ kṣaṇena samapadyata ,
śivaścānuvavau vāyuḥ praśāntamabhavadrajaḥ.

23. vyapoḍhābhraghanaḥ kālaḥ kṣaṇena samapadyata
śivaḥ ca anuvavau vāyuḥ praśāntam abhavat rajaḥ

23. Instantly, the atmosphere became clear of dense clouds. And an auspicious wind began to blow, and the dust settled, becoming serene.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यपोढाभ्रघनः (vyapoḍhābhraghanaḥ) - having removed dense clouds, with dense clouds dispelled

• कालः (kālaḥ) - the atmosphere, the sky (time, season, period, the atmosphere/weather)

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly, quickly

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - became, happened, occurred

• शिवः (śivaḥ) - auspicious, propitious, benevolent

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुववौ (anuvavau) - blew (blew along, followed by blowing)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air

• प्रशान्तम् (praśāntam) - calm, tranquil, serene, settled

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (from the ground) (dust, dirt, pollen, passion)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यपोढाभ्रघनः (vyapoḍhābhraghanaḥ) - having removed dense clouds, with dense clouds dispelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapoḍhābhraghana

vyapoḍhābhraghana - with dense clouds dispelled, clear of dense clouds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapoḍha+abhra+ghana)

• vyapoḍha – dispelled, removed, thrown away
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ūh with prefixes vi + apa
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• abhra – cloud
  noun (neuter)
• ghana – dense, thick; cloud
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'kālaḥ'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - the atmosphere, the sky (time, season, period, the atmosphere/weather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period; appropriate time; atmosphere, weather

Note: Subject of 'samapadyata'.

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, very short time

Note: Indicates the swiftness of the action.

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - became, happened, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-pad

Imperfect Middle

Derived from root √pad with prefix sam, imperfect middle third person singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: pad (class 4)

शिवः (śivaḥ) - auspicious, propitious, benevolent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, gracious

Note: Modifies 'vāyuḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अनुववौ (anuvavau) - blew (blew along, followed by blowing)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of anu-vā

Perfect Active

Derived from root √vā with prefix anu, perfect active third person singular.

Prefix: anu

Root: vā (class 2)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, breath

Note: Subject of 'anuvavau'.

प्रशान्तम् (praśāntam) - calm, tranquil, serene, settled

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praśānta

praśānta - calm, tranquil, serene, settled, pacified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śam (to be calm) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rajaḥ' with 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Derived from root √bhū, imperfect active third person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (from the ground) (dust, dirt, pollen, passion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen; the quality of passion (rajas)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.