महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-264, verse-16

सुग्रीवः प्राप्य किष्किन्धां ननादौघनिभस्वनः ।
नास्य तन्ममृषे वाली तं तारा प्रत्यषेधयत् ॥१६॥

16. sugrīvaḥ prāpya kiṣkindhāṁ nanādaughanibhasvanaḥ ,
nāsya tanmamṛṣe vālī taṁ tārā pratyaṣedhayat.

16. sugrīvaḥ prāpya kiṣkindhām nanāda oghanibhasvanaḥ
na asya tat mamṛṣe vālī tam tārā pratyaṣedhayat

16. Having arrived at Kishkindha, Sugriva roared with a sound like a mighty torrent. Vali could not endure that roar of his, and Tara thereupon restrained him.

16. סוּגְרִיוַה הגיע לקִישְׁקִינְדְהָה ושאג בקול כקול שיטפון. וָאלִי לא יכול לשאת זאת, וטָארָה עצרה בעדו, ואמרה,

Words meanings summery:

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

• किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - to Kishkindha

• ननाद (nanāda) - roared, shouted, sounded

• ओघनिभस्वनः (oghanibhasvanaḥ) - having a sound like a torrent/flood

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्य (asya) - of Sugriva (his, of this one)

• तत् (tat) - that (roar) (that, that one)

• ममृषे (mamṛṣe) - endured, tolerated, bore

• वाली (vālī) - Vali

• तम् (tam) - Vali (him, that one (masculine))

• तारा (tārā) - Tara (Vali's wife) (Tara)

• प्रत्यषेधयत् (pratyaṣedhayat) - restrained, forbade, prevented

Words meanings and morphology

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of a monkey king, literally "one with a beautiful neck")

Bahuvrīhi compound: su (good) + grīvā (neck).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīvā)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root āp with pra + lyap suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - to Kishkindha

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kiṣkindhā

kiṣkindhā - Kishkindha (name of the capital of the monkey kingdom)

ननाद (nanāda) - roared, shouted, sounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nad

Root: nad (class 1)

ओघनिभस्वनः (oghanibhasvanaḥ) - having a sound like a torrent/flood

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of oghanibhasvana

oghanibhasvana - having a sound like a flood, roaring like a torrent

Bahuvrīhi compound: ogha (torrent) + nibha (like) + svana (sound).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ogha+nibha+svana)

• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• nibha – like, similar to, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root svan (to sound, to roar).
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Sugriva.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अस्य (asya) - of Sugriva (his, of this one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

तत् (tat) - that (roar) (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

ममृषे (mamṛṣe) - endured, tolerated, bore

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of mṛṣ

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: The negative particle 'na' applies to this verb.

वाली (vālī) - Vali

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of a monkey king)

N-stem noun.

Note: Subject of 'mamṛṣe'.

तम् (tam) - Vali (him, that one (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, him

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pratyaṣedhayat'.

तारा (tārā) - Tara (Vali's wife) (Tara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tārā

tārā - Tara (name of Vali's wife, literally "star")

Note: Subject of 'pratyaṣedhayat'.

प्रत्यषेधयत् (pratyaṣedhayat) - restrained, forbade, prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-sidh

From root sidh with prati + causative ṇic. Retroflexion of 's' to 'ṣ' due to 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: The initial 'a' of the imperfect 'aṣedhayat' undergoes sandhi with 'prati' to 'pratyaṣedhayat'.

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