महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-20, verse-5

ततो रात्र्यां व्यतीतायां प्रातरुत्थाय स द्विजः ।
स्नात्वा प्रादुश्चकाराग्निं हुत्वा चैव विधानतः ॥५॥

5. tato rātryāṁ vyatītāyāṁ prātarutthāya sa dvijaḥ ,
snātvā prāduścakārāgniṁ hutvā caiva vidhānataḥ.

5. tataḥ rātryām vyatītāyām prātaḥ utthāya saḥ dvijaḥ
snātvā prāduḥ cakāra agnim hutvā ca eva vidhānataḥ

5. tataḥ rātryām vyatītāyām saḥ dvijaḥ prātaḥ utthāya
snātvā ca vidhānataḥ agnim prāduḥ cakāra eva hutvā

5. Then, after the night had passed, that brahmin (dvija) rose in the morning, bathed, and kindled the fire, offering oblations strictly according to the prescribed rites.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, from that, thereafter)

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - after the night had passed (in the passed, in the elapsed)

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning (in the morning, early in the morning)

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having arisen, having stood up)

• सः (saḥ) - that (brahmin), he (that, he)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - brahmin (dvija) (twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth)

• स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

• प्रादुः (prāduḥ) - manifest, forth (in combination with 'cakāra': kindled, made manifest) (manifest, visible, apparent, forth)

• चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did (combined with 'prāduḥ', means he kindled, caused to appear) (he made, he did)

• अग्निम् (agnim) - the fire (for ritual) (fire, Agni (the fire god))

• हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered oblations (having offered, having sacrificed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - strictly, precisely (indeed, just, certainly, only)

• विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to the prescribed rites (according to rules, by ordinance, properly)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, from that, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivation from the pronominal stem 'tad'.

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - after the night had passed (in the passed, in the elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

From the verb 'vi-ati-i' (to pass by, to go over).

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning (in the morning, early in the morning)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (having arisen, having stood up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From 'ut-' (up) + root 'sthā' (to stand).

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (brahmin), he (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - brahmin (dvija) (twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a member of the first three social classes); a brahmin; a bird; a tooth

Compound of 'dvi' (twice) and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: snā (class 2)

प्रादुः (prāduḥ) - manifest, forth (in combination with 'cakāra': kindled, made manifest) (manifest, visible, apparent, forth)

(indeclinable)

Often used with 'kṛ' (to do, make) to mean 'to make manifest', 'to kindle'.

चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did (combined with 'prāduḥ', means he kindled, caused to appear) (he made, he did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect (liṭ)

Reduplicated past tense, 3rd person singular active.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अग्निम् (agnim) - the fire (for ritual) (fire, Agni (the fire god))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire; the god of fire, Agni; digestive fire

हुत्वा (hutvā) - having offered oblations (having offered, having sacrificed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: hu (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - strictly, precisely (indeed, just, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

विधानतः (vidhānataḥ) - according to the prescribed rites (according to rules, by ordinance, properly)

(indeclinable)

From 'vi-' + root 'dhā' (to arrange, ordain) + suffix '-ana'. Adverbial suffix '-tas'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)