महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-20, verse-41

यां यामपश्यत्कन्यां स सा सा तस्य मनोऽहरत् ।
नाशक्नुवद्धारयितुं मनोऽथास्यावसीदति ॥४१॥

41. yāṁ yāmapaśyatkanyāṁ sa sā sā tasya mano'harat ,
nāśaknuvaddhārayituṁ mano'thāsyāvasīdati.

41. yām yām apaśyat kanyām saḥ sā sā tasya manaḥ aharat
na aśaknuvat dhārayitum manaḥ atha asya avasīdati

41. saḥ yām yām kanyām apaśyat sā sā tasya manaḥ aharat
saḥ na aśaknuvat dhārayitum asya manaḥ atha avasīdati

41. Whichever maiden he saw, that very maiden captivated his mind. He was unable to control his mind, and then his mind became dejected.

Words meanings summery:

• याम् (yām) - which, whom, whichever

• याम् (yām) - which, whom, whichever

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

• कन्याम् (kanyām) - maiden, girl

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• सा (sā) - she, that one

• सा (sā) - she, that one

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

• अहरत् (aharat) - she took away, she captivated

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नुवत् (aśaknuvat) - he was unable, he could not

• धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to hold, to restrain, to support

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thus

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - it sinks, it becomes dejected, it languishes

Words meanings and morphology

याम् (yām) - which, whom, whichever

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Note: Repetitive form 'yām yām' means 'whichever one'.

याम् (yām) - which, whom, whichever

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, whichever

Note: Part of the repetitive form 'yām yām'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

From √dṛś (class 1, paśyati-form), 3rd person singular, augment 'a-'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कन्याम् (kanyām) - maiden, girl

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - maiden, girl, daughter

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

सा (sā) - she, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Repetitive form 'sā sā' emphasizes 'that very one'.

सा (sā) - she, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of the repetitive form 'sā sā'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to the Brahmin's mind.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, faculty of thought and feeling

Note: Here in nominative, acting as the subject of 'aharat'.

अहरत् (aharat) - she took away, she captivated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect Active

From √hṛ (class 1), 3rd person singular, augment 'a-'

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'sā sā' (the maiden).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवत् (aśaknuvat) - he was unable, he could not

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect Active

From √śak (class 5), 3rd person singular, augment 'a-'

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied 'he' (saḥ).

धारयितुम् (dhārayitum) - to hold, to restrain, to support

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From causative stem of √dhṛ (class 10, dhārayati)

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

Note: Infinitive of purpose, 'to do x'.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, faculty of thought and feeling

Note: Here in accusative, object of 'dhārayitum'.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thus

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his, of him, of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to the Brahmin's mind.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - it sinks, it becomes dejected, it languishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

Present Active

From ava- + √sad (class 1), 3rd person singular

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'manaḥ'.