महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-20, verse-22

अथ प्रवृत्ते गान्धर्वे दिव्ये ऋषिरुपावसत् ।
दिव्यं संवत्सरं तत्र रमन्वै सुमहातपाः ॥२२॥

22. atha pravṛtte gāndharve divye ṛṣirupāvasat ,
divyaṁ saṁvatsaraṁ tatra ramanvai sumahātapāḥ.

22. atha pravṛtte gāndharve divye ṛṣiḥ upāvasat
divyam saṃvatsaram tatra raman vai sumahātapaḥ

22. atha divye gāndharve pravṛtte sumahātapaḥ ṛṣiḥ
tatra divyam saṃvatsaram raman vai upāvasat

22. Then, when the divine musical performance (gāndharva) commenced, the sage (ṛṣi), who possessed great spiritual fervor (tapas), indeed resided there, delighting for a divine year.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had commenced (referring to the performance) (commenced, started, engaged)

• गान्धर्वे (gāndharve) - musical performance (of the Gandharvas) (relating to Gandharvas, musical performance)

• दिव्ये (divye) - divine (performance) (divine, celestial, heavenly)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (ṛṣi) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

• उपावसत् (upāvasat) - resided (there) (he resided, he dwelt near)

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - for a divine (year) (divine, celestial)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (where the performance was taking place) (there, in that place)

• रमन् (raman) - delighting (in the performance) (delighting, enjoying)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

• सुमहातपः (sumahātapaḥ) - the sage of very great spiritual fervor (tapas) (of great austerities)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating sequence or auspicious beginning.

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - when it had commenced (referring to the performance) (commenced, started, engaged)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, started, engaged, happened

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of pra-√vṛt (to turn forward, commence)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

गान्धर्वे (gāndharve) - musical performance (of the Gandharvas) (relating to Gandharvas, musical performance)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gāndharva

gāndharva - relating to Gandharvas, music, musical performance, song

Derived from Gandharva

Note: Absolute locative construction.

दिव्ये (divye) - divine (performance) (divine, celestial, heavenly)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, wonderful

From div (heaven)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (ṛṣi) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

उपावसत् (upāvasat) - resided (there) (he resided, he dwelt near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vas

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd singular of √vas (to dwell) with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

दिव्यम् (divyam) - for a divine (year) (divine, celestial)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, wonderful

From div (heaven)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃvatsaram'. Accusative is used to express duration of time.

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year (year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a full year

Note: Accusative is used to express duration of time.

तत्र (tatra) - there (where the performance was taking place) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tra

Note: Locative adverb.

रमन् (raman) - delighting (in the performance) (delighting, enjoying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of √ram

√ram - to delight, to enjoy, to sport

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of √ram (to delight)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies ṛṣiḥ.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सुमहातपः (sumahātapaḥ) - the sage of very great spiritual fervor (tapas) (of great austerities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātapas

sumahātapas - one of very great austerities or spiritual fervor

Compound of su, mahā, and tapas

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mahā+tapas)

• su – good, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, spiritual fervor, heat, penance
  noun (neuter)
  From √tap (to heat, to be hot)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound, describing the sage.