महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-63, verse-70

उभयोरुत्तमे युद्धे द्वैरथे द्यूत आहृते ।
प्रकुर्वाते ध्वजौ युद्धं प्रत्यहेषन्हयान्हयाः ॥७०॥

70. ubhayoruttame yuddhe dvairathe dyūta āhṛte ,
prakurvāte dhvajau yuddhaṁ pratyaheṣanhayānhayāḥ.

70. ubhayoḥ uttame yuddhe dvairathe dyūte āhṛte pra
kurvāte dhvajau yuddham prati aheṣan hayān hayāḥ

70. ubhayoḥ uttame dvairathe dyūte āhṛte yuddhe dhvajau
yuddham pra kurvāte hayāḥ hayān prati aheṣan

70. As an excellent chariot duel, resembling a game of dice, commenced between the two (warriors), their two banners engaged in battle, and the horses neighed back and forth against each other's horses.

Words meanings summery:

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, between two

• उत्तमे (uttame) - in the best, in the supreme, excellent

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in fight

• द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a chariot duel, in a fight between two charioteers

• द्यूते (dyūte) - Used metaphorically, comparing the duel to a game of dice. (in a game of dice, in gambling)

• आहृते (āhṛte) - when commenced or initiated (referring to the duel). (when brought about, commenced, undertaken)

• प्र (pra) - forth, forward, greatly, intensely

• कुर्वाते (kurvāte) - they both perform, they both make

• ध्वजौ (dhvajau) - The two banners representing the two charioteers. (two banners, two standards)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

• अहेषन् (aheṣan) - neighed

• हयान् (hayān) - horses (accusative plural)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses (nominative plural)

Words meanings and morphology

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, between two

(pronoun)

dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, two

Note: Here used in a genitive sense "of both".

उत्तमे (uttame) - in the best, in the supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative degree of `ud` (up)

Note: Agrees with `yuddhe`, `dvairathe`, `dyūte`, `āhṛte`.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle from root `yudh`

Root: yudh (class 4)

द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a chariot duel, in a fight between two charioteers

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - a fight between two chariots/charioteers; chariot duel

Derived from `dviratha` (two chariots) with `aṇ` suffix.

द्यूते (dyūte) - Used metaphorically, comparing the duel to a game of dice. (in a game of dice, in gambling)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - a game of dice, gambling, sport

Past Passive Participle of `div`

From root `div` (to play, to throw dice)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Word is `dyūta` in original Devangarai, but `dyūte` is grammatically expected here for locative case to match other words in the locative absolute construction.

आहृते (āhṛte) - when commenced or initiated (referring to the duel). (when brought about, commenced, undertaken)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of āhṛta

āhṛta - brought, collected, taken, offered, commenced, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root `hṛ` (to carry, take) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्र (pra) - forth, forward, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Preverb/prefix

कुर्वाते (kurvāte) - they both perform, they both make

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present middle voice dual

From root `kṛ` (class 8). Formed with prefix `pra`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with prefix `pra`.

ध्वजौ (dhvajau) - The two banners representing the two charioteers. (two banners, two standards)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, emblem

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `pra kurvāte`.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle from root `yudh`

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of `pra kurvāte`.

प्रति (prati) - against, towards, in return

(indeclinable)

Preverb/prefix or preposition.

अहेषन् (aheṣan) - neighed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of heṣ

Imperfect third person plural active

From root `heṣ` (class 1) with augment `a` and personal ending `an`.

Root: heṣ (class 1)

हयान् (hayān) - horses (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of `prati aheṣan`.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses (nominative plural)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Subject of `prati aheṣan`.