महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-63, verse-2

रथेन कर्णस्तेजस्वी जगामाभिमुखो रिपून् ।
युद्धायामर्षताम्राक्षः समाहूय धनंजयम् ॥२॥

2. rathena karṇastejasvī jagāmābhimukho ripūn ,
yuddhāyāmarṣatāmrākṣaḥ samāhūya dhanaṁjayam.

2. rathena karṇaḥ tejasvī jagāma abhimukhaḥ ripūn |
yuddhāya amarṣa-tāmra-akṣaḥ samāhūya dhanañjayam

2. tejasvī karṇaḥ amarṣa-tāmra-akṣaḥ yuddhāya
dhanañjayam samāhūya rathena ripūn abhimukhaḥ jagāma

2. The splendid Karṇa, whose eyes were reddish from indignation for battle, went towards the enemies in his chariot, having challenged Dhanañjaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• रथेन (rathena) - in his chariot (by the chariot, with the chariot)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karṇa)

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - lustrous, splendid, powerful, energetic

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

• अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing, turned towards, confronting

• रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• अमर्ष-ताम्र-अक्षः (amarṣa-tāmra-akṣaḥ) - having eyes reddish from indignation

• समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, conqueror of wealth

Words meanings and morphology

रथेन (rathena) - in his chariot (by the chariot, with the chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; proper name of a hero in the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - lustrous, splendid, powerful, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - lustrous, splendid, powerful, energetic

From 'tejas' (splendor, energy) with suffix '-vin'

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.

जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

perfect active

Root 'gam' (to go) with reduplication. 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: gam (class 1)

अभिमुखः (abhimukhaḥ) - facing, turned towards, confronting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

From 'mukha' (face) with prefix 'abhi'

Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.

रिपून् (ripūn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe

Note: Object of 'abhimukhaḥ' and 'jagāma'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

अमर्ष-ताम्र-अक्षः (amarṣa-tāmra-akṣaḥ) - having eyes reddish from indignation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣa-tāmra-akṣa

amarṣa-tāmra-akṣa - having eyes reddish from indignation

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amarṣa+tāmra+akṣa)

• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, intolerance, anger
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mṛṣ' with prefix 'a- (negation/not)'
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)
• tāmra – copper-colored, reddish, red
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.

समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'hve' (to call) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna, conqueror of wealth

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; a name of Arjuna; fire

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (victory/conquest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samāhūya'.

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