महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-63, verse-26

त एव सभ्यास्तत्रासन्प्रेक्षकाश्चाभवन्स्म ते ।
तत्रैषां ग्लहमानानां ध्रुवौ जयपराजयौ ॥२६॥

26. ta eva sabhyāstatrāsanprekṣakāścābhavansma te ,
tatraiṣāṁ glahamānānāṁ dhruvau jayaparājayau.

26. te eva sabhyāḥ tatra āsan prekṣakāḥ ca abhavan sma
te | tatra eṣām glahamānānām dhruvau jayaparājayau

26. te eva sabhyāḥ tatra āsan,
te ca prekṣakāḥ sma abhavan tatra eṣām glahamānānām jayaparājayau dhruvau

26. Those very (kings and warriors) were the assembly members there, and they also served as spectators. For these who were engaged in this high-stakes game, victory and defeat were certain.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those people (the kings and warriors) (those)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

• सभ्याः (sabhyāḥ) - those present in the assembly, serving as members or judges (assembly members, council members)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield, seen as a gaming arena) (there, in that place)

• आसन् (āsan) - were, existed

• प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभवन् (abhavan) - were, became, occurred

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis with past verbs)

• ते (te) - those very people (the kings and warriors) (those)

• तत्र (tatra) - in this situation (of staking for battle) (there, in that matter)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of these)

• ग्लहमानानाम् (glahamānānām) - of those who were engaged in the gamble (of war) (of those who were staking/gambling)

• ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) - assured, inevitable (certain, fixed, constant (dual))

• जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat (dual)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those people (the kings and warriors) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

सभ्याः (sabhyāḥ) - those present in the assembly, serving as members or judges (assembly members, council members)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sabhya

sabhya - belonging to an assembly, fit for an assembly; an assembly member, a courtier, a spectator

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield, seen as a gaming arena) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - were, existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prekṣaka

prekṣaka - one who looks on, a spectator, an observer

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभवन् (abhavan) - were, became, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis with past verbs)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those very people (the kings and warriors) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तत्र (tatra) - in this situation (of staking for battle) (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Kauravas and Pandavas) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

ग्लहमानानाम् (glahamānānām) - of those who were engaged in the gamble (of war) (of those who were staking/gambling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of glahamāna

glahamāna - staking, gambling, playing with dice

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'glah' (to seize, stake) with the suffix '-māna'

Root: glah (class 1)

ध्रुवौ (dhruvau) - assured, inevitable (certain, fixed, constant (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dhruva

dhruva - fixed, firm, constant, certain, definite, eternal

Root: dhru (class 1)

जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jayaparājaya

jayaparājaya - victory and defeat

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat, loss, discomfiture
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)