महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-63, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वृषसेनं हतं दृष्ट्वा शोकामर्षसमन्वितः ।
मुक्त्वा शोकोद्भवं वारि नेत्राभ्यां सहसा वृषः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vṛṣasenaṁ hataṁ dṛṣṭvā śokāmarṣasamanvitaḥ ,
muktvā śokodbhavaṁ vāri netrābhyāṁ sahasā vṛṣaḥ.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca | vṛṣasenam hatam dṛṣṭvā śoka-amarṣa-samanvitaḥ
| muktvā śoka-udbhavam vāri netrābhyām sahasā vṛṣaḥ

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca vṛṣaḥ vṛṣasenam hatam dṛṣṭvā śoka-amarṣa-samanvitaḥ
netrābhyām śoka-udbhavam vāri sahasā muktvā

1. Sañjaya said: Having seen Vṛṣasena killed, Vṛṣa (Karṇa), filled with sorrow and indignation, suddenly shed tears born of grief from his eyes.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वृषसेनम् (vṛṣasenam) - The son of Karṇa (Vṛṣasena)

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck, slain

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• शोक-अमर्ष-समन्वितः (śoka-amarṣa-samanvitaḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and indignation, filled with grief and anger

• मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having released, having abandoned, having shed

• शोक-उद्भवम् (śoka-udbhavam) - arising from sorrow, born of grief

• वारि (vāri) - tears (water, tear)

• नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from the two eyes, by means of the two eyes

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - Karṇa (used as an epithet for a hero) (bull, chief, Karṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victorious, conqueror; proper name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root vac (vac) with reduplication. 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root 'vac' (to speak).

वृषसेनम् (vṛṣasenam) - The son of Karṇa (Vṛṣasena)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣasena

vṛṣasena - proper name, son of Karṇa

हतम् (hatam) - killed, struck, slain

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Vṛṣasenam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शोक-अमर्ष-समन्वितः (śoka-amarṣa-samanvitaḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and indignation, filled with grief and anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka-amarṣa-samanvita

śoka-amarṣa-samanvita - accompanied by sorrow and indignation

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+amarṣa+samanvita)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, intolerance, anger
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mṛṣ' with prefix 'a- (negation/not)'
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with upasargas 'sam' and 'anu'
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Vṛṣaḥ' (Karṇa).

मुक्त्वा (muktvā) - having released, having abandoned, having shed

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'muc' (to release) with suffix -tvā

Root: muc (class 6)

शोक-उद्भवम् (śoka-udbhavam) - arising from sorrow, born of grief

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śoka-udbhava

śoka-udbhava - arising from sorrow

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+udbhava)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• udbhava – originating, arising, birth, source
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāri'.

वारि (vāri) - tears (water, tear)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāri

vāri - water; tears

नेत्राभ्याम् (netrābhyām) - from the two eyes, by means of the two eyes

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, dual of netra

netra - eye; leader

From root 'nī' (to lead)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Dual form, functioning as ablative ('from the eyes').

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of sahas (force, power), used as an adverb

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - Karṇa (used as an epithet for a hero) (bull, chief, Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, chief, eminent person; a proper name (Karṇa)

Note: Here refers to Karṇa.