महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-63, verse-6

रथज्यातलनिर्ह्रादैर्बाणशङ्खरवैरपि ।
तौ रथावभिधावन्तौ समालोक्य महीक्षिताम् ॥६॥

6. rathajyātalanirhrādairbāṇaśaṅkharavairapi ,
tau rathāvabhidhāvantau samālokya mahīkṣitām.

6. rathajyātalanhirhrādaiḥ bāṇaśaṅkharavaiḥ api |
tau rathau abhidhāvantau samālokya mahīkṣitām

6. mahīkṣitām tau rathau rathajyātalanhirhrādaiḥ
bāṇaśaṅkharavaiḥ api abhidhāvantau samālokya

6. Having thoroughly observed those two chariots of the kings, rushing forward with the mighty sounds of bowstrings, hand-slaps, arrows, and conches...

Words meanings summery:

• रथज्यातलन्हिर्ह्रादैः (rathajyātalanhirhrādaiḥ) - by the loud sounds of chariot bowstrings and hand-slaps

• बाणशङ्खरवैः (bāṇaśaṅkharavaiḥ) - by the sounds of arrows and conches

• अपि (api) - also, even, and

• तौ (tau) - those two, them two

• रथौ (rathau) - two chariots

• अभिधावन्तौ (abhidhāvantau) - rushing towards, attacking

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having clearly seen, having observed well

• महीक्षिताम् (mahīkṣitām) - of the kings, of the rulers of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

रथज्यातलन्हिर्ह्रादैः (rathajyātalanhirhrādaiḥ) - by the loud sounds of chariot bowstrings and hand-slaps

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathajyātalanhirhrāda

rathajyātalanhirhrāda - loud sound of chariot bowstrings and hand-slaps

Composed of ratha-jyā (chariot bowstring), tala (slap of the hand, especially on a bow), and nirhrāda (loud sound).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa hybrid (ratha-jyā+tala+nirhrāda)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• jyā – bowstring
  noun (feminine)
• tala – palm of the hand, a slap, a strike
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• nirhrāda – loud sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From nis- + hrād 'to roar'.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: hrād (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or accompaniment of the rushing chariots.

बाणशङ्खरवैः (bāṇaśaṅkharavaiḥ) - by the sounds of arrows and conches

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇaśaṅkharava

bāṇaśaṅkharava - sounds of arrows and conches

Dvanda compound of bāṇa and śaṅkha, followed by rava.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+śaṅkha+rava)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śaṅkha – conch-shell, a conch-shell trumpet
  noun (masculine)
• rava – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ru 'to cry out'.
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Also indicates the means or accompaniment, parallel to rathajyātalanhirhrādaiḥ.

अपि (api) - also, even, and

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two, them two

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the two chariots, functioning as the object of samālokya.

रथौ (rathau) - two chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of samālokya, agreeing with tau.

अभिधावन्तौ (abhidhāvantau) - rushing towards, attacking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of abhidhāvat

abhidhāvat - rushing towards, attacking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root dhāv 'to run' with upasarga abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau rathau' in case, number, and gender.

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having clearly seen, having observed well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root lok 'to see' with upasargas sam- + ā- and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Indicates a prior action to the main verb, which is in the next verse.

महीक्षिताम् (mahīkṣitām) - of the kings, of the rulers of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahīkṣit

mahīkṣit - king, ruler of the earth

Compound of mahī (earth) + kṣit (ruler, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruler, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi 'to rule, dwell'.
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Refers to the chariots belonging to the kings, or the kings who are observing.