महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-87, verse-20

रथेष्वस्त्रेषु निपुणा नागेषु च विशां पते ।
धनुर्वेदे गताः पारं मुष्टियुद्धे च कोविदाः ॥२०॥

20. ratheṣvastreṣu nipuṇā nāgeṣu ca viśāṁ pate ,
dhanurvede gatāḥ pāraṁ muṣṭiyuddhe ca kovidāḥ.

20. ratheṣu astreṣu nipuṇāḥ nāgeṣu ca viśām pate
dhanurvede gatāḥ pāram muṣṭiyuddhe ca kovidāḥ

20. viśām pate,
(te) ratheṣu,
astreṣu ca nipuṇāḥ,
nāgeṣu ca (nipuṇāḥ),
dhanurvede pāram gatāḥ,
muṣṭiyuddhe ca kovidāḥ (santi).

20. O Lord of the people (viśām pate), they are skilled in chariot warfare, in the use of weapons, and in managing elephants. They have attained complete mastery in archery (dhanurveda) and are also experts in fist-fighting.

Words meanings summery:

• रथेषु (ratheṣu) - in chariots, concerning chariots

• अस्त्रेषु (astreṣu) - in weapons, concerning weapons, in archery

• निपुणाः (nipuṇāḥ) - skilled, expert, clever, able

• नागेषु (nāgeṣu) - in elephants, concerning elephants

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects, of the community

• पते (pate) - O lord (lord, master, protector)

• धनुर्वेदे (dhanurvede) - in archery (the science of the bow)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, reached

• पारम् (pāram) - the other shore, limit, mastery, completion

• मुष्टियुद्धे (muṣṭiyuddhe) - in fist-fighting, in boxing

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• कोविदाः (kovidāḥ) - expert, skilled, wise

Words meanings and morphology

रथेषु (ratheṣu) - in chariots, concerning chariots

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates sphere of skill.

अस्त्रेषु (astreṣu) - in weapons, concerning weapons, in archery

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon (especially a missile weapon), arrow, bow

From root as (to throw, cast).

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Indicates sphere of skill.

निपुणाः (nipuṇāḥ) - skilled, expert, clever, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipuṇa

nipuṇa - skilled, clever, expert, able

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the princes).

नागेषु (nāgeṣu) - in elephants, concerning elephants

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, mountain

Note: Indicates sphere of skill.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects elements in a list.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects, of the community

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

Noun, from root viś (to enter, settle).

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of the compound viśām pate.

पते (pate) - O lord (lord, master, protector)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner, protector

i-stem noun. Vocative singular.

Note: Address to the King. viśām pate is an epithet.

धनुर्वेदे (dhanurvede) - in archery (the science of the bow)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhanurveda

dhanurveda - science of archery, skill in the bow

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+veda)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• veda – knowledge, science, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates sphere of mastery.

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam (to go). P.P.P. 'gone'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the princes).

पारम् (pāram) - the other shore, limit, mastery, completion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - further bank, opposite shore, end, limit, mastery, completion

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of gatāḥ.

मुष्टियुद्धे (muṣṭiyuddhe) - in fist-fighting, in boxing

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of muṣṭiyuddha

muṣṭiyuddha - fist-fight, boxing

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muṣṭi+yuddha)

• muṣṭi – fist, handful
  noun (masculine)
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates sphere of expertise.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects elements in a list.

कोविदाः (kovidāḥ) - expert, skilled, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kovida

kovida - knowing, skilled, expert, conversant with, wise

From ku (earth) + vid (to know), or derived from kovid meaning 'wise'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the princes).