महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-87, verse-19

अथ यान्रथिनो राजन्समन्तादनुपश्यसि ।
एते रुक्मरथा नाम राजपुत्रा महारथाः ॥१९॥

19. atha yānrathino rājansamantādanupaśyasi ,
ete rukmarathā nāma rājaputrā mahārathāḥ.

19. atha yān rathinaḥ rājan samantāt anupaśyasi
ete rukmarathāḥ nāma rājaputrāḥ mahārathāḥ

19. atha,
rājan,
yān rathinaḥ samantāt anupaśyasi,
ete rukmarathāḥ nāma rājaputrāḥ mahārathāḥ (santi).

19. Now, O King, these charioteers whom you see all around, they are the princes named Rukmaratha, great chariot warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover, therefore

• यान् (yān) - whom

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (king, ruler)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, everywhere

• अनुपश्यसि (anupaśyasi) - you see, you observe, you perceive

• एते (ete) - these

• रुक्मरथाः (rukmarathāḥ) - the princes named Rukmaratha (Rukmarathas (people with golden chariots))

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, king's sons

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors, heroes of great chariots

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover, therefore

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/adverb marking a new paragraph or topic.

यान् (yān) - whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Object of anupaśyasi.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + suffix -in (possessing).

Note: Direct object.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Stem is rājan, vocative singular is rājan.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the King.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place. From samanta (all around) + ablative suffix -t.

Note: Modifies anupaśyasi.

अनुपश्यसि (anupaśyasi) - you see, you observe, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anupaś

Present Tense

Root dṛś (to see) changed to paś in present tense, with prefix anu. Present indicative, 2nd person singular.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'you' (implied, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

रुक्मरथाः (rukmarathāḥ) - the princes named Rukmaratha (Rukmarathas (people with golden chariots))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - having golden chariots (or name of a lineage/people)

Compound. Here used as a name or a tribal/lineage designation.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed

(indeclinable)

Here used as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'by name'.

Note: Specifies rukmarathāḥ.

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, king's sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - king's son, prince

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot warriors, heroes of great chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot warrior, hero of a great chariot

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Appositive to rājaputrāḥ.