महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-67, verse-10

तदद्भुतमपश्याम द्रोणस्याचार्यकं युधि ।
यतमानो युवा नैनं प्रत्यविध्यद्यदर्जुनः ॥१०॥

10. tadadbhutamapaśyāma droṇasyācāryakaṁ yudhi ,
yatamāno yuvā nainaṁ pratyavidhyadyadarjunaḥ.

10. tat adbhutam apaśyāma droṇasya ācāryakam yudhi
yatamānaḥ yuvā na enam pratyavidhyat yat arjunaḥ

10. tat adbhutam droṇasya ācāryakam yudhi apaśyāma
yat yatamānaḥ yuvā arjunaḥ enam na pratyavidhyat

10. We witnessed Drona's astonishing mastery in battle; for even young Arjuna, despite his utmost efforts, could not pierce him in return.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (astonishing mastery) (that (object))

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (amazing, wonderful)

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw)

• द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

• आचार्यकम् (ācāryakam) - Drona's mastery as a teacher (the skill/art of a teacher, teaching)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• यतमानः (yatamānaḥ) - despite his utmost efforts (striving, exerting oneself)

• युवा (yuvā) - young (Arjuna) (young (man))

• न (na) - not

• एनम् (enam) - him (Drona) (him, this)

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced back, counter-pierced

• यत् (yat) - because (that, because, since)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (astonishing mastery) (that (object))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (amazing, wonderful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, astonishing

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we witnessed (we saw)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paśyāma

Imp. 1st pl. of `√dṛś` (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रोणस्य (droṇasya) - of Drona

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher and warrior)

आचार्यकम् (ācāryakam) - Drona's mastery as a teacher (the skill/art of a teacher, teaching)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ācāryaka

ācāryaka - the function or art of a teacher, preceptorship

From `ācārya` + `ka` (suffix forming neuter nouns indicating abstract quality or collection)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

यतमानः (yatamānaḥ) - despite his utmost efforts (striving, exerting oneself)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting

Present Middle Participle

From `√yat` (to strive, exert)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'arjunaḥ'

युवा (yuvā) - young (Arjuna) (young (man))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuvan

yuvan - young, youthful; a young man

Note: Agrees with 'arjunaḥ'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Drona) (him, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced back, counter-pierced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyavidh

Imp. 3rd sg. of `prati-vi-√vyadh`

Prefixes: prati+vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

यत् (yat) - because (that, because, since)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)