महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-67, verse-50

उवाच चैनं भगवान्पुनरेव जलेश्वरः ।
अयुध्यति न मोक्तव्या सा त्वय्येव पतेदिति ॥५०॥

50. uvāca cainaṁ bhagavānpunareva jaleśvaraḥ ,
ayudhyati na moktavyā sā tvayyeva patediti.

50. uvāca ca enam bhagavān punaḥ eva jaleśvaraḥ
ayudhyati na moktavyā sā tvayi eva patet iti

50. ca bhagavān jaleśvaraḥ punaḥ eva enam uvāca
ayudhyati na moktavyā sā tvayi eva patet iti

50. And the venerable lord of waters (jaleśvara) again said to him: 'It should not be released when one is not engaged in battle; otherwise, it would fall back upon you yourself.'

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - Refers to the recipient of the mace. (him, to him)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - Refers to Varuna. (venerable, blessed, divine, glorious, the lord)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• जलेश्वरः (jaleśvaraḥ) - Refers to Varuna. (lord of waters)

• अयुध्यति (ayudhyati) - when not fighting, if one does not fight, in a non-fighting situation

• न (na) - not, no

• मोक्तव्या (moktavyā) - should be released, to be cast, should be thrown

• सा (sā) - Refers to the mace (gadā). (she, that)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - Refers to the recipient of the mace. (on you, in you)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'on you'. (indeed, certainly, only, even)

• पतेत् (patet) - it should fall, it might fall, it would fall

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct speech. (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, parasmaipada, from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - Refers to the recipient of the mace. (him, to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - Refers to Varuna. (venerable, blessed, divine, glorious, the lord)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, blessed, divine, glorious, fortunate

Note: Agrees with 'jaleśvaraḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

जलेश्वरः (jaleśvaraḥ) - Refers to Varuna. (lord of waters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaleśvara

jaleśvara - lord of waters

tatpurusha compound: jala (water) + īśvara (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+īśvara)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

अयुध्यति (ayudhyati) - when not fighting, if one does not fight, in a non-fighting situation

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of a-yudh

yudh - to fight, to contend

Present Active Participle (Locative singular)

locative singular masculine/neuter of present active participle from root yudh (to fight) with negation 'a'. Implies a conditional clause: 'when one is not fighting' or 'if one is not fighting'.

Prefix: a

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Often used impersonally or with an implied agent, 'in a state of not fighting'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मोक्तव्या (moktavyā) - should be released, to be cast, should be thrown

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of moktavya

moktavya - to be released, to be thrown, to be abandoned

Gerundive

Potential Passive Participle (gerundive) from root muc (to release, throw) + -tavya

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'sā' (referring to gadā).

सा (sā) - Refers to the mace (gadā). (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is) with 'moktavyā', or directly subject of 'moktavyā'.

त्वयि (tvayi) - Refers to the recipient of the mace. (on you, in you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Indicates where the mace would fall.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'on you'. (indeed, certainly, only, even)

(indeclinable)

पतेत् (patet) - it should fall, it might fall, it would fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pat

Optative Active

3rd person singular, optative mood, parasmaipada, from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Indicates possibility or condition.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct speech. (thus, so)

(indeclinable)