महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-61, verse-12

दुर्योधनोऽपि यच्चक्रे दृष्ट्वा स्वान्विमुखान्रणे ।
भीष्मद्रोणौ कृपश्चैव सौबलेयो जयद्रथः ।
द्रौणिर्वापि महेष्वासो विकर्णो वा महाबलः ॥१२॥

12. duryodhano'pi yaccakre dṛṣṭvā svānvimukhānraṇe ,
bhīṣmadroṇau kṛpaścaiva saubaleyo jayadrathaḥ ,
drauṇirvāpi maheṣvāso vikarṇo vā mahābalaḥ.

12. duryodhanaḥ api yat cakre dṛṣṭvā svān
vimukhān raṇe bhīṣmadroṇau kṛpaḥ ca
eva saubaleyaḥ jayadrathaḥ drauṇiḥ vā
api maheṣvāsaḥ vikarṇaḥ vā mahābalaḥ

12. duryodhanaḥ api raṇe svān vimukhān
bhīṣmadroṇau kṛpaḥ ca eva saubaleyaḥ
jayadrathaḥ drauṇiḥ vā api maheṣvāsaḥ
vikarṇaḥ vā mahābalaḥ dṛṣṭvā yat cakre

12. What did Duryodhana do when he saw his own warriors—Bhishma, Drona, Kripa, Saubaleya (Shakuni), Jayadratha, Droni the great archer, or the mighty Vikarna—disheartened in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• अपि (api) - also, even

• यत् (yat) - what, which

• चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he made

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• स्वान् (svān) - his own (people/warriors)

• विमुखान् (vimukhān) - turned away, disheartened, averse

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhishma and Drona

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed

• सौबलेयः (saubaleyaḥ) - son of Subala, Shakuni

• जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - son of Drona, Ashwatthama

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - also, even

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna

• वा (vā) - or, either

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्वान् (svān) - his own (people/warriors)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, one's relatives

विमुखान् (vimukhān) - turned away, disheartened, averse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, averse, disappointed

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhishma and Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhīṣmadroṇa

bhīṣmadroṇa - Bhishma and Drona (a pair of names)

Compound type : dvandva (bhīṣma+droṇa)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• droṇa – Drona (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (proper name)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

सौबलेयः (saubaleyaḥ) - son of Subala, Shakuni

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubaleya

saubaleya - son of Subala (Shakuni)

जयद्रथः (jayadrathaḥ) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (proper name)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - son of Drona, Ashwatthama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona, Ashwatthama (proper name)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, having a great bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Vikarna (proper name)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)