महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-275, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
स हत्वा रावणं क्षुद्रं राक्षसेन्द्रं सुरद्विषम् ।
बभूव हृष्टः ससुहृद्रामः सौमित्रिणा सह ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
sa hatvā rāvaṇaṁ kṣudraṁ rākṣasendraṁ suradviṣam ,
babhūva hṛṣṭaḥ sasuhṛdrāmaḥ saumitriṇā saha.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca saḥ hatvā rāvaṇam kṣudram rākṣasendram
suradviṣam babhūva hṛṣṭaḥ sasuhṛt rāmaḥ saumitriṇā saha

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Having killed the despicable Rāvaṇa, who was the king of the Rākṣasas and an enemy of the gods, Rāma became delighted along with his friends and Saumitri (Lakṣmaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Markandeya, who is narrating the events. (Markandeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Rāma. (he, that)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - The demon king of Lanka. (Ravana)

• क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - Describes Rāvaṇa as despicable. (wicked, contemptible, despicable, mean)

• राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - Describes Rāvaṇa as the king of the Rākṣasas. (king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

• सुरद्विषम् (suradviṣam) - Describes Rāvaṇa as an enemy of the gods. (enemy of the gods)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - Describes Rāma's state of mind. (delighted, joyful, pleased)

• ससुहृत् (sasuhṛt) - Indicates Rāma was accompanied by his friends. (with friends, accompanied by friends)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - The epic hero Rāma. (Rama)

• सौमित्रिणा (saumitriṇā) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa, Rāma's brother, son of Sumitra. (by the son of Sumitra, with the son of Sumitra)

• सह (saha) - with, together with, along with

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Markandeya, who is narrating the events. (Markandeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Markandeya (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Rāma. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root han (to kill) with suffix -tvā. The initial 'ha' is from the root han.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Absolutive form

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - The demon king of Lanka. (Ravana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king of Lanka)

क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - Describes Rāvaṇa as despicable. (wicked, contemptible, despicable, mean)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, insignificant, mean, wicked, contemptible

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇam'

राक्षसेन्द्रम् (rākṣasendram) - Describes Rāvaṇa as the king of the Rākṣasas. (king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - king/chief of Rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇam'

सुरद्विषम् (suradviṣam) - Describes Rāvaṇa as an enemy of the gods. (enemy of the gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suradviṣ

suradviṣ - enemy of the gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+dviṣ)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• dviṣ – enemy
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇam'

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - Describes Rāma's state of mind. (delighted, joyful, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'

ससुहृत् (sasuhṛt) - Indicates Rāma was accompanied by his friends. (with friends, accompanied by friends)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasuhṛt

sasuhṛt - accompanied by friends

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+suhṛt)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• suhṛt – friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'

रामः (rāmaḥ) - The epic hero Rāma. (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a Hindu deity, hero of the Ramayana)

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'

सौमित्रिणा (saumitriṇā) - Refers to Lakṣmaṇa, Rāma's brother, son of Sumitra. (by the son of Sumitra, with the son of Sumitra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitra (i.e., Lakṣmaṇa)

Taddhita derivation from Sumitrā

Note: Used with 'saha' (with)

सह (saha) - with, together with, along with

(indeclinable)