योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-190, verse-52

श्रीराम उवाच ।
स्वप्नः सत्योऽस्त्वसत्यो वा दुःखं तावत्प्रयच्छति ।
तथैवेयं जगद्भ्रान्तिः क उपायोऽत्र कथ्यताम् ॥ ५२ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
svapnaḥ satyo'stvasatyo vā duḥkhaṃ tāvatprayacchati ,
tathaiveyaṃ jagadbhrāntiḥ ka upāyo'tra kathyatām 52

52. śrīrāma uvāca svapnaḥ satyaḥ astu
a-satyaḥ vā duḥkham tāvat
prayacchati tathā eva iyam
jagat-bhrāntiḥ kaḥ upāyaḥ atra kathyatām

52. śrīrāma uvāca svapnaḥ satyaḥ astu vā a-satyaḥ (api),
tāvat duḥkham prayacchati tathā eva iyam jagat-bhrāntiḥ (api duḥkham prayacchati) atra kaḥ upāyaḥ kathyatām

52. Lord Rama said: Whether a dream is real or unreal, it certainly causes suffering. Similarly, this illusion of the world (jagat-bhrānti) also causes distress. What is the means (upāya) to overcome this here? Please explain.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - dream, sleep

• सत्यः (satyaḥ) - true, real, existent

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• अ-सत्यः (a-satyaḥ) - untrue, unreal, non-existent

• वा (vā) - or

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

• तावत् (tāvat) - still, nevertheless (so much, so far, meanwhile, nevertheless, at least)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, grants, offers, causes

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• जगत्-भ्रान्तिः (jagat-bhrāntiḥ) - world-illusion, the illusion of the world

• कः (kaḥ) - what (means) (who, what)

• उपायः (upāyaḥ) - means, method, expedient

• अत्र (atra) - for this (situation) (here, in this matter)

• कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told, may it be said, please tell

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, the seventh avatar of Vishnu

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty, auspiciousness, revered
  adjective (feminine)
• rāma – Rama, pleasing, charming
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - dream, sleep

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep

from root 'svap' (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

सत्यः (satyaḥ) - true, real, existent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satya

satya - true, real, existent, genuine

from 'sat' (existent)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'svapnaḥ'.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

imperative active

root 'as' (2nd class), imperative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

अ-सत्यः (a-satyaḥ) - untrue, unreal, non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of a-satya

a-satya - untrue, false, unreal, non-existent

compound of 'a' (negation) and 'satya' (true)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+satya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• satya – true, real
  adjective
  from 'sat' (existent)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'svapnaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of 'prayacchati'.

तावत् (tāvat) - still, nevertheless (so much, so far, meanwhile, nevertheless, at least)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives, grants, offers, causes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prā-yam

present active

root 'yam' (1st class) with upasarga 'pra', present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'jagat-bhrāntiḥ'.

जगत्-भ्रान्तिः (jagat-bhrāntiḥ) - world-illusion, the illusion of the world

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jagat-bhrānti

jagat-bhrānti - world-illusion, the illusion of the world

compound of 'jagat' (world) and 'bhrānti' (illusion)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jagat+bhrānti)

• jagat – world, universe, moving
  noun (neuter)
  present active participle
  present active participle of root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• bhrānti – error, illusion, delusion, confusion
  noun (feminine)
  from root 'bhram' (to wander, be confused)
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

कः (kaḥ) - what (means) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'upāyaḥ'.

उपायः (upāyaḥ) - means, method, expedient

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, method, expedient, device, remedy

from root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the question.

अत्र (atra) - for this (situation) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

कथ्यताम् (kathyatām) - let it be told, may it be said, please tell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kath

imperative passive

root 'kath' (10th class or denominative from katha), imperative mood, 3rd person singular, passive voice

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Implies 'by you (Vasishtha)'.