योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-190, verse-42

श्रीराम उवाच ।
बोध्यबोधकतापत्तेरभावाद्वोधता कथम् ।
द्वैतैक्यासंभवे ब्रह्मत्कारणासंभवे सति ॥ ४२ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
bodhyabodhakatāpatterabhāvādvodhatā katham ,
dvaitaikyāsaṃbhave brahmatkāraṇāsaṃbhave sati 42

42. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca bodhyabodhakataāpatteḥ abhāvāt bodhatā
katham dvaitaikyaasaṃbhave brahmatkāraṇaasaṃbhave sati

42. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca bodhyabodhakataāpatteḥ abhāvāt
dvaitaikyaasaṃbhave brahmatkāraṇaasaṃbhave sati bodhatā katham

42. Śrī Rāma said: How can there be pure consciousness (bodha) when there is an absence of the state of being both the knowable and the knower? This is considering that neither duality nor oneness is possible, nor is the state of Brahman (brahman) or the state of being a cause.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Lord Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बोध्यबोधकतआपत्तेः (bodhyabodhakataāpatteḥ) - from the attainment of the state of knowable and knower

• अभावात् (abhāvāt) - due to the absence

• बोधता (bodhatā) - pure consciousness (bodha) (the state of knowledge, pure consciousness)

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• द्वैतैक्यअसंभवे (dvaitaikyaasaṁbhave) - in the impossibility of duality and oneness

• ब्रह्मत्कारणअसंभवे (brahmatkāraṇaasaṁbhave) - in the impossibility of Brahman (brahman) being the cause

• सति (sati) - when there is (being, existing)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Lord Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - the glorious Rama

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – glorious, auspicious
  adjective (feminine)
• rāma – Rama, delight
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Irregular perfect form from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

बोध्यबोधकतआपत्तेः (bodhyabodhakataāpatteḥ) - from the attainment of the state of knowable and knower

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of bodhyabodhakataāpatti

bodhyabodhakataāpatti - attainment of the state of knowable and knower

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bodhya+bodhaka+tā+āpatti)

• bodhya – knowable, to be known
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from √budh (to know) + -ya suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)
• bodhaka – knower, one who teaches/causes to know
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  from √budh (to know) + -aka suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)
• tā – state, quality (suffix)
  noun (feminine)
  feminine suffix forming abstract nouns
• āpatti – attainment, occurrence
  noun (feminine)
  from ā-√pad (to attain)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: pad (class 4)

अभावात् (abhāvāt) - due to the absence

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhāva

abhāva - absence, non-existence

from a- (negative) + bhāva (existence)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāva)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• bhāva – existence, state, being
  noun (masculine)
  from √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

बोधता (bodhatā) - pure consciousness (bodha) (the state of knowledge, pure consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bodhatā

bodhatā - state of knowledge, awareness, pure consciousness

from bodha + -tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Root: budh (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

interrogative adverb

द्वैतैक्यअसंभवे (dvaitaikyaasaṁbhave) - in the impossibility of duality and oneness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvaitaikyaasaṃbhava

dvaitaikyaasaṁbhava - impossibility of duality and oneness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvaita+aikya+asaṃbhava)

• dvaita – duality
  noun (neuter)
  from dvi (two)
• aikya – oneness, unity
  noun (neuter)
  from eka (one)
• asaṃbhava – impossibility, non-occurrence
  noun (masculine)
  a- (negative) + saṃbhava (possibility)
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)

ब्रह्मत्कारणअसंभवे (brahmatkāraṇaasaṁbhave) - in the impossibility of Brahman (brahman) being the cause

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brahmatkāraṇaasaṃbhava

brahmatkāraṇaasaṁbhava - impossibility of Brahman (brahman) as cause

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmat+kāraṇa+asaṃbhava)

• brahmat – Brahman, the ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
  stem of brahman, used here as a noun
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  from √kṛ (to do) + -ana suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• asaṃbhava – impossibility, non-occurrence
  noun (masculine)
  a- (negative) + saṃbhava (possibility)
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)

सति (sati) - when there is (being, existing)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, reality, good

Present Active Participle

from √as (to be) + -at suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction.