योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-70

हे काक कर्कशरव क्रकचैकचिह्न तादृक्स्वशङ्कनमपि क्व नु तेऽद्य यातम् ।
कस्मादनर्थकमिदं पिकपाकमेकपुत्राशया तदपि ते ह्युपहाससिद्ध्यै ॥ ७० ॥

he kāka karkaśarava krakacaikacihna tādṛksvaśaṅkanamapi kva nu te'dya yātam ,
kasmādanarthakamidaṃ pikapākamekaputrāśayā tadapi te hyupahāsasiddhyai 70

70. he kāka karkaśa-rava krakaca-eka-cihna
tādṛk sva-śaṅkanam api kva nu te adya yātam
kasmāt anarthakam idam pika-pākam
eka-putra-āśayā tad api te hi upahāsa-siddhyai

70. he kāka! karkaśa-rava! krakaca-eka-cihna! tādṛk te sva-śaṅkanam api adya kva nu yātam? kasmāt idam anarthakam pika-pākam (karoti)? eka-putra-āśayā tad api hi te upahāsa-siddhyai.

70. Oh crow, whose only distinguishing mark is your harsh, saw-like caw! Where has such self-doubt of yours vanished today? Why do you uselessly raise cuckoo offspring, even with the hope of having a single son? This act, indeed, only serves to make you an object of ridicule.

70. הוי עורב בעל קורקור צורם, שקולו כמשור! לאן נעלמה היום חשדנותך הטבעית? מדוע אתה מגדל לשווא את גוזל הקוקייה בתקווה שהוא בנך היחיד? הרי הדבר רק יעשה אותך ללשון מאזניים וללגע!

Words meanings summery:

• हे (he) - Direct address to the crow. (O!, alas! (vocative particle))

• काक (kāka) - The addressed crow. (crow (vocative singular))

• कर्कश-रव (karkaśa-rava) - Referring to the crow's unpleasant voice. (O harsh-sounding one, O one with a rough cry (vocative singular))

• क्रकच-एक-चिह्न (krakaca-eka-cihna) - Describing the crow as having a distinctive mark like a saw, likely referring to its harsh voice again or appearance. (O one whose only mark is a saw (vocative singular))

• तादृक् (tādṛk) - Referring to 'such self-doubt.' (such, of that kind)

• स्व-शङ्कनम् (sva-śaṅkanam) - The crow's own apprehension or hesitation, which it seems to have lost. (self-doubt, one's own doubt)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizing that even its self-doubt is gone. (also, even, too)

• क्व (kva) - An interrogative adverb, asking about location. (where?)

• नु (nu) - Adds emphasis or a questioning tone. (now, indeed, then (interrogative particle))

• ते (te) - Genitive, referring to 'your' self-doubt. (your, to you, by you (genitive/dative/instrumental singular of 'tvad'))

• अद्य (adya) - Indicating present time. (today, now)

• यातम् (yātam) - Implies that the self-doubt has disappeared. (gone, departed, reached)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - Asking for the reason or cause. (from what? why?)

• अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - Describing the action of fostering cuckoo eggs as pointless. (useless, meaningless, vain)

• इदम् (idam) - Referring to 'this cuckoo fostering.' (this (neuter nominative singular))

• पिक-पाकम् (pika-pākam) - The act of raising cuckoo offspring, which crows are known to do inadvertently. (fostering cuckoos, maturing cuckoos)

• एक-पुत्र-आशया (eka-putra-āśayā) - The motivation behind the crow's action, hoping to raise a son. (with the desire for a single son)

• तद् (tad) - Refers back to the act of fostering cuckoos. (that, therefore, indeed)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even this (fostering) is for ridicule. (also, even, too)

• ते (te) - Dative, 'for you.' (for you, your (dative/genitive singular of 'tvad'))

• हि (hi) - Emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, for, because)

• उपहास-सिद्ध्यै (upahāsa-siddhyai) - The ultimate outcome and purpose of the crow's actions. (for the accomplishment of ridicule, for ridicule's sake)

Words meanings and morphology

हे (he) - Direct address to the crow. (O!, alas! (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

काक (kāka) - The addressed crow. (crow (vocative singular))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

कर्कश-रव (karkaśa-rava) - Referring to the crow's unpleasant voice. (O harsh-sounding one, O one with a rough cry (vocative singular))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karkaśa-rava

karkaśa-rava - harsh sound, rough cry

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (karkaśa+rava)

• karkaśa – harsh, rough, hard, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
• rava – sound, cry, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ru (to cry, sound)
  Root: ru (class 2)

क्रकच-एक-चिह्न (krakaca-eka-cihna) - Describing the crow as having a distinctive mark like a saw, likely referring to its harsh voice again or appearance. (O one whose only mark is a saw (vocative singular))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of krakaca-eka-cihna

krakaca-eka-cihna - one whose only mark is a saw

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krakaca+eka+cihna)

• krakaca – saw
  noun (masculine)
• eka – one, single, sole
  adjective (masculine)
• cihna – mark, sign, token, symbol
  noun (neuter)

तादृक् (tādṛk) - Referring to 'such self-doubt.' (such, of that kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, singular of tādṛś

tādṛś - such, of that kind

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'sva-śaṅkanam' (neuter). The ending 'k' (from 'ś') is the sandhi form.

स्व-शङ्कनम् (sva-śaṅkanam) - The crow's own apprehension or hesitation, which it seems to have lost. (self-doubt, one's own doubt)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sva-śaṅkana

sva-śaṅkana - self-doubt, one's own doubt

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+śaṅkana)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (neuter)
• śaṅkana – doubting, apprehension, hesitation
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root √śaṅk (to doubt, fear)
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'yātam'.

अपि (api) - Emphasizing that even its self-doubt is gone. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

क्व (kva) - An interrogative adverb, asking about location. (where?)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - Adds emphasis or a questioning tone. (now, indeed, then (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Genitive, referring to 'your' self-doubt. (your, to you, by you (genitive/dative/instrumental singular of 'tvad'))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form of 2nd person pronoun.

अद्य (adya) - Indicating present time. (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

यातम् (yātam) - Implies that the self-doubt has disappeared. (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, reached, moved

Past Passive Participle

From root √yā (to go, move)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sva-śaṅkanam'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - Asking for the reason or cause. (from what? why?)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what?, who?, which?

Note: Functions as an interrogative adverb.

अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - Describing the action of fostering cuckoo eggs as pointless. (useless, meaningless, vain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anarthaka

anarthaka - useless, meaningless, vain, futile

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+artha+ka)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pika-pākam'.

इदम् (idam) - Referring to 'this cuckoo fostering.' (this (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

पिक-पाकम् (pika-pākam) - The act of raising cuckoo offspring, which crows are known to do inadvertently. (fostering cuckoos, maturing cuckoos)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pika-pāka

pika-pāka - the fostering/maturing of cuckoos

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pika+pāka)

• pika – cuckoo
  noun (masculine)
• pāka – cooking, ripening, maturing, fostering
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From root √pac (to cook, ripen)
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Used as object of implied verb 'karoti' or predicate nominative.

एक-पुत्र-आशया (eka-putra-āśayā) - The motivation behind the crow's action, hoping to raise a son. (with the desire for a single son)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of eka-putra-āśā

eka-putra-āśā - hope/desire for a single son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+putra+āśā)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• āśā – hope, desire, expectation
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates the reason or means.

तद् (tad) - Refers back to the act of fostering cuckoos. (that, therefore, indeed)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, then, therefore

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even this (fostering) is for ridicule. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Dative, 'for you.' (for you, your (dative/genitive singular of 'tvad'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form of 2nd person pronoun.

हि (hi) - Emphasizing the truth of the statement. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

उपहास-सिद्ध्यै (upahāsa-siddhyai) - The ultimate outcome and purpose of the crow's actions. (for the accomplishment of ridicule, for ridicule's sake)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of upahāsa-siddhi

upahāsa-siddhi - accomplishment of ridicule, success in mockery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upahāsa+siddhi)

• upahāsa – ridicule, mockery, derision
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  From root √has (to laugh) with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: has (class 1)
• siddhi – accomplishment, success, attainment
  noun (feminine)

Note: Indicates purpose.

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