योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-78

कूजत्कोकिल कोमलं कलरवैर्नित्यं प्रशस्ताकृते केनेदं बत शिक्षितोसि वचनं दुःखप्रदं दुर्भगम् ।
चैत्रे चित्रनवाङ्कुरे विरहिणी वक्ति त्वया यात्मनः कस्यायं मधुरित्यतस्तव तवेत्युक्तं त्वरोच्चैस्तरोः ॥ ७८ ॥

kūjatkokila komalaṃ kalaravairnityaṃ praśastākṛte kenedaṃ bata śikṣitosi vacanaṃ duḥkhapradaṃ durbhagam ,
caitre citranavāṅkure virahiṇī vakti tvayā yātmanaḥ kasyāyaṃ madhurityatastava tavetyuktaṃ tvaroccaistaroḥ 78

78. kūjatkokila komalam kalaravaiḥ nityam praśastākṛte kena
idam bata śikṣitaḥ asi vacanam duḥkhapradam durbhagam caître
citranavāṅkure virahiṇī vakti tvayā yā ātmanaḥ kasya
ayam madhuraḥ iti ataḥ tava tava iti uktam tvarā uccaiḥ taroḥ

78. kūjatkokila komalam kalaravaiḥ nityam praśastākṛte bata
kena idam duḥkhapradam durbhagam vacanam śikṣitaḥ asi caître
citranavāṅkure virahiṇī yā ātmanaḥ kasya ayam madhuraḥ
iti vakti ataḥ uccaiḥ taroḥ tvayā tava tava iti tvarā uktam

78. O cuckoo, singing with soft, sweet notes, whose form is always admirable, by whom, alas, have you been taught this sorrow-giving, inauspicious speech? In the month of Caitra, amidst its wondrous new sprouts, a separated woman (virahiṇī) asks, 'Whose is this sweet sound, belonging to my soul?' In response, from a high tree, 'Yours! Yours!' is swiftly uttered by you.

Words meanings summery:

• कूजत्कोकिल (kūjatkokila) - O cuckoo singing

• कोमलम् (komalam) - soft, tender, charming

• कलरवैः (kalaravaiḥ) - with sweet sounds, with indistinct melodies

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• प्रशस्ताकृते (praśastākṛte) - O you of commendable form, O you whose form is praised

• केन (kena) - by whom

• इदम् (idam) - this

• बत (bata) - alas! oh!

• शिक्षितः (śikṣitaḥ) - taught, instructed

• असि (asi) - you are

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, statement

• दुःखप्रदम् (duḥkhapradam) - sorrow-giving, causing pain

• दुर्भगम् (durbhagam) - inauspicious, unfortunate, miserable

• चैत्रे (caitre) - in the month of Caitra

• चित्रनवाङ्कुरे (citranavāṅkure) - in the wondrous new sprouts

• विरहिणी (virahiṇī) - a separated woman, a woman suffering separation

• वक्ति (vakti) - she says, she speaks

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• या (yā) - which, who

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• मधुरः (madhuraḥ) - sweet, pleasant

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this, thereupon

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, uttered

• त्वरा (tvarā) - speed, haste, swiftness

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, high up, aloft

• तरोः (taroḥ) - from the tree

Words meanings and morphology

कूजत्कोकिल (kūjatkokila) - O cuckoo singing

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kūjatkokila

kūjatkokila - singing cuckoo

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūjat+kokila)

• kūjat – singing, making sound
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root *kūj* (to sing, make sound)
  Root: kūj (class 1)
• kokila – cuckoo
  noun (masculine)

कोमलम् (komalam) - soft, tender, charming

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of komala

komala - soft, tender, delicate, charming

Note: Adverbial usage, or modifying an implied object like 'sound'.

कलरवैः (kalaravaiḥ) - with sweet sounds, with indistinct melodies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kalarava

kalarava - sweet or indistinct sound, murmur, melody

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kala+rava)

• kala – sweet, low, indistinct
  adjective
• rava – sound, cry, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ru (class 2)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

प्रशस्ताकृते (praśastākṛte) - O you of commendable form, O you whose form is praised

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of praśastākṛti

praśastākṛti - of praised form, having a commendable appearance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (praśasta+ākṛti)

• praśasta – praised, commended, excellent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root *śaṃs* (to praise) with prefix *pra-*
  Prefix: pra
  Root: śaṃs (class 1)
• ākṛti – form, shape, appearance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'kokila'.

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'.

बत (bata) - alas! oh!

(indeclinable)

शिक्षितः (śikṣitaḥ) - taught, instructed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikṣita

śikṣita - taught, learned, trained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root *śikṣ* (to learn, to teach)

Root: śikṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you' (tvam).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

root of the 2nd conjugation class (adādi)

Root: as (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःखप्रदम् (duḥkhapradam) - sorrow-giving, causing pain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhaprada

duḥkhaprada - giving sorrow, causing pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+prada)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• prada – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / Secondary derivative
  Derived from root *dā* (to give) with prefix *pra-*
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

दुर्भगम् (durbhagam) - inauspicious, unfortunate, miserable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durbhaga

durbhaga - inauspicious, unfortunate, miserable, ill-fated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+bhaga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• bhaga – fortune, luck, prosperity, excellent quality
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

चैत्रे (caitre) - in the month of Caitra

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of caitra

caitra - relating to the month of Caitra (March-April)

चित्रनवाङ्कुरे (citranavāṅkure) - in the wondrous new sprouts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of citranavāṅkura

citranavāṅkura - beautiful new sprout, wondrous fresh shoot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citra+nava+aṅkura)

• citra – wondrous, variegated, beautiful, clear
  adjective
• nava – new, fresh
  adjective
• aṅkura – sprout, shoot, germ
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'caitre'.

विरहिणी (virahiṇī) - a separated woman, a woman suffering separation

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of virahiṇī

virahiṇī - a woman separated from her lover, a lonely woman

Feminine form of *virahin* (separated, lonely)

Prefix: vi

Root: rah (class 1)

वक्ति (vakti) - she says, she speaks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vac

root of the 2nd conjugation class (adādi)

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

या (yā) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the implied 'sound' or the question itself.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the sweet sound (madhuraḥ).

मधुरः (madhuraḥ) - sweet, pleasant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, charming, melodious, pleasant

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this, thereupon

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, uttered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root *vac* (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वरा (tvarā) - speed, haste, swiftness

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - speed, haste, swiftness

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here, implying 'with speed' or 'swiftly'.

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, high up, aloft

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

तरोः (taroḥ) - from the tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of taru

taru - tree

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