योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-61

भुङ्क्तेऽमेध्यममेध्य एव रमते नित्यं महावस्करे तूष्णीमत्ति सचेतनं कृतरतिर्निश्चेतनं कृन्तति ।
सर्वैरेत्य रते शुनीविवलिते लोष्टैर्जनैस्ताड्यते धात्रा खेलसमन्वितस्थितिरलं लोके कृतो नेश्वरः ॥ ६१ ॥

bhuṅkte'medhyamamedhya eva ramate nityaṃ mahāvaskare tūṣṇīmatti sacetanaṃ kṛtaratirniścetanaṃ kṛntati ,
sarvairetya rate śunīvivalite loṣṭairjanaistāḍyate dhātrā khelasamanvitasthitiralaṃ loke kṛto neśvaraḥ 61

61. bhuṅkte amedhyam amedhyaḥ eva ramate nityam mahāvaskare
tūṣṇīm atti sacetanam kṛtaratiḥ niścetanām kṛntati
sarvaiḥ etya rate śunīvalite loṣṭaiḥ janaiḥ tāḍyate
dhātrā khelasamanvitasthitiḥ alam loke kṛtaḥ na īśvaraḥ

61. amedhyaḥ eva nityam mahāvaskare amedhyam bhuṅkte,
ramate.
sacetanam tūṣṇīm atti,
kṛtaratiḥ niścetanām kṛntati.
rate śunīvalite sarvaiḥ etya janaiḥ loṣṭaiḥ tāḍyate.
loke khelasamanvitasthitiḥ alam dhātrā kṛtaḥ,
na īśvaraḥ.

61. This crow eats impure things and constantly delights in the unclean, in a large heap of refuse. It silently devours conscious beings and, taking pleasure, tears apart unconscious ones. When people gather around an agitated female dog, it (the crow) is pelted with stones by them. Indeed, such a mischievous existence in the world was created by the ordainer (Dhātṛ), and not by a god (Īśvara).

Words meanings summery:

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats, consumes, enjoys

• अमेध्यम् (amedhyam) - impure thing, defiled thing, unclean food

• अमेध्यः (amedhyaḥ) - the impure one (referring to the crow) (impure, defiled)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

• रमते (ramate) - delights, enjoys, sports

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• महावस्करे (mahāvaskare) - in a large heap of refuse, in a big garbage dump

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• अत्ति (atti) - eats, devours

• सचेतनम् (sacetanam) - living creatures (conscious, sentient, living being)

• कृतरतिः (kṛtaratiḥ) - having made pleasure, delighting, taking pleasure

• निश्चेतनाम् (niścetanām) - unconscious creatures (unconscious, inanimate, dead thing)

• कृन्तति (kṛntati) - tears, cuts, severs

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (people/animals) (by all, by everyone)

• एत्य (etya) - having come, approaching

• रते (rate) - in the state of sexual excitement (in pleasure, in delight, in sexual intercourse)

• शुनीवलिते (śunīvalite) - around a female dog in heat (in the agitated female dog, in the female dog in heat)

• लोष्टैः (loṣṭaiḥ) - with clods of earth, with lumps of clay

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

• ताड्यते (tāḍyate) - is beaten, is struck

• धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the creator, by the ordainer (Brahmā)

• खेलसमन्वितस्थितिः (khelasamanvitasthitiḥ) - this mischievous existence (a state accompanied by sport/play, a mischievous existence)

• अलम् (alam) - indeed (indeed, certainly, enough, sufficient)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was created (referring to the crow's nature/existence) (made, created, done)

• न (na) - not, no

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - a (benevolent) god (lord, ruler, god, controller)

Words meanings and morphology

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats, consumes, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

root bhuj, 7th class (rudhādi), present, ātmanepada, 3rd singular

Root: bhuj (class 7)

अमेध्यम् (amedhyam) - impure thing, defiled thing, unclean food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amedhya

amedhya - impure, unholy, defiled, unfit for sacrifice

Gerundive/Participial

negation (a-) + medhya (fit for sacrifice), from root medh (to purify)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+medhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• medhya – fit for sacrifice, pure, holy
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from root medh + ya suffix
  Root: medh

Note: Acts as a noun here, meaning 'an impure thing'.

अमेध्यः (amedhyaḥ) - the impure one (referring to the crow) (impure, defiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amedhya

amedhya - impure, unholy, defiled, unfit for sacrifice

Gerundive/Participial

negation (a-) + medhya (fit for sacrifice), from root medh (to purify)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+medhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• medhya – fit for sacrifice, pure, holy
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  from root medh + ya suffix
  Root: medh

Note: Refers to the crow, which is impure.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

रमते (ramate) - delights, enjoys, sports

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ram

Present Tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

root ram, 1st class (bhvādi), present, ātmanepada, 3rd singular

Root: ram (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

महावस्करे (mahāvaskare) - in a large heap of refuse, in a big garbage dump

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāvaskara

mahāvaskara - large heap of refuse, huge garbage dump

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+avaskara)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  from mahat
• avaskara – rubbish, refuse, garbage, dung-heap
  noun (masculine)
  from ava + kṛ (to scatter)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: kṛ

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form.

अत्ति (atti) - eats, devours

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ad

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

root ad, 2nd class (adādi), present, parasmaipada, 3rd singular

Root: ad (class 2)

सचेतनम् (sacetanam) - living creatures (conscious, sentient, living being)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sacetana

sacetana - conscious, sentient, having consciousness, living

sa- (with) + cetana (consciousness)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+cetana)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix
• cetana – consciousness, intelligence, sentient
  noun (masculine)
  from root cit (to perceive, to be conscious)
  Root: cit

Note: Acts as a noun here, 'a conscious being'.

कृतरतिः (kṛtaratiḥ) - having made pleasure, delighting, taking pleasure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtarati

kṛtarati - one who has made pleasure, delighting, pleased

kṛta (made) + rati (pleasure)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+rati)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• rati – pleasure, delight, love
  noun (feminine)
  from root ram (to delight)
  Root: ram

Note: Refers to the crow.

निश्चेतनाम् (niścetanām) - unconscious creatures (unconscious, inanimate, dead thing)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niścetanā

niścetanā - unconscious, inanimate, senseless, dead

nis- (without) + cetana (consciousness)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+cetana)

• nis – without, out, forth
  indeclinable
  prefix
• cetana – consciousness, sentient
  noun (feminine)
  from root cit (to perceive, to be conscious)
  Root: cit

Note: Acts as a noun here, 'an unconscious/dead thing'.

कृन्तति (kṛntati) - tears, cuts, severs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛnt

Present Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

root kṛt, 6th class (tudādi), present, parasmaipada, 3rd singular

Root: kṛt (class 6)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (people/animals) (by all, by everyone)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Refers to people/creatures who gather.

एत्य (etya) - having come, approaching

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from root i (to go) + -tya suffix (labyate) for absolutive when prefixed. Here, it implies 'having come'

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Absolutive, indicates a prior action.

रते (rate) - in the state of sexual excitement (in pleasure, in delight, in sexual intercourse)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rati

rati - pleasure, delight, love, sexual intercourse

from root ram (to delight)

Root: ram

Note: Could also be locative of `rata` (delighting, attached to), but `rati` (pleasure, sexual desire) fits better with `śunīvalite`.

शुनीवलिते (śunīvalite) - around a female dog in heat (in the agitated female dog, in the female dog in heat)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of śunīvalita

śunīvalita - agitated female dog, female dog in heat

śunī (female dog) + valita (agitated, trembling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śunī+valita)

• śunī – female dog
  noun (feminine)
  feminine of śvan (dog)
• valita – agitated, trembling, moved
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root val (to move, to tremble, to be powerful)
  Root: val

Note: It modifies or refers to the state of the female dog.

लोष्टैः (loṣṭaiḥ) - with clods of earth, with lumps of clay

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of loṣṭa

loṣṭa - clod of earth, lump of clay, brickbat

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

ताड्यते (tāḍyate) - is beaten, is struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of tāḍ

Present Tense, Passive Voice, 3rd Person Singular

root tāḍ, passive voice formation (yaK), ātmanepada, 3rd singular

Root: tāḍ (class 10)

धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the creator, by the ordainer (Brahmā)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, ordainer, supporter, master, Brahmā

from root dhā (to place, create) + tṛc suffix

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Brahmā as the creator.

खेलसमन्वितस्थितिः (khelasamanvitasthitiḥ) - this mischievous existence (a state accompanied by sport/play, a mischievous existence)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of khelasamanvitasthiti

khelasamanvitasthiti - a state or condition accompanied by play or sport, mischievous nature/state

khela (sport) + samanvita (accompanied) + sthiti (state)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (khela+samanvita+sthiti)

• khela – sport, play, game, fun
  noun (masculine)
  from root khel (to play)
  Root: khel
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-anv-i (to follow, to go with)
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i
• sthiti – state, condition, existence, position
  noun (feminine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā

अलम् (alam) - indeed (indeed, certainly, enough, sufficient)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an intensifier here.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, universe

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was created (referring to the crow's nature/existence) (made, created, done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, created, performed

Past Passive Participle

from root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implicitly refers to 'the crow' or 'this (state of being)' as a masculine entity.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - a (benevolent) god (lord, ruler, god, controller)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, ruler, master, god, supreme being

from root īś (to be master of, to rule)

Root: īś

Previous Verse Next Verse