योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-51

नित्यं स्नासि सुतीर्थवारिविसरैरुच्चैःपदस्थोऽम्बुदः शुद्धः सन्विपिनावनौ निवससि प्रारब्धमौनव्रतः ।
रिक्तस्याप्यतिकान्तिरेव भवतः कायाश्रया लक्ष्यते प्रोत्थायाशनिमातनोषि किमिदं तुच्छं तवाचेष्टितम् ॥ ५१ ॥

nityaṃ snāsi sutīrthavārivisarairuccaiḥpadastho'mbudaḥ śuddhaḥ sanvipināvanau nivasasi prārabdhamaunavrataḥ ,
riktasyāpyatikāntireva bhavataḥ kāyāśrayā lakṣyate protthāyāśanimātanoṣi kimidaṃ tucchaṃ tavāceṣṭitam 51

51. nityaṃ snāsi su-tīrtha-vāri-visaraiḥ uccaiḥ-padasthaḥ ambudaḥ
śuddhaḥ san vipina-avanau nivasasi prārabdha-mauna-vrataḥ
riktasya api ati-kāntiḥ eva bhavataḥ kāya-āśrayā lakṣyate
protthāya aśanim ātanosi kim idam tuccham tava aceṣṭitam

51. ambudaḥ! tvaṃ nityaṃ su-tīrtha-vāri-visaraiḥ snāsi,
uccaiḥ-padasthaḥ śuddhaḥ san prārabdha-mauna-vrataḥ vipina-avanau nivasasi.
riktasya api bhavataḥ ati-kāntiḥ eva kāya-āśrayā lakṣyate.
kim idam tava tuccham aceṣṭitam protthāya aśanim ātanosi?

51. O Cloud, you constantly bathe in the expansive waters of sacred fords, you reside in a high position, and being pure, you dwell in the forest, having undertaken a vow of silence. Yet, even when you are empty, a profound splendor is perceived in your form. Why then, having risen, do you unleash thunderbolts? What a trivial action this is of yours!

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• स्नासि (snāsi) - you bathe

• सु-तीर्थ-वारि-विसरैः (su-tīrtha-vāri-visaraiḥ) - with abundant waters from excellent sacred bathing places

• उच्चैः-पदस्थः (uccaiḥ-padasthaḥ) - situated in a high position

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - O cloud! (cloud (lit. giver of water))

• शुद्धः (śuddhaḥ) - pure, clean, clear

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• विपिन-अवनौ (vipina-avanau) - in the forest region/earth

• निवससि (nivasasi) - you dwell, you reside, you inhabit

• प्रारब्ध-मौन-व्रतः (prārabdha-mauna-vrataḥ) - having undertaken a vow of silence

• रिक्तस्य (riktasya) - of the empty one, even when empty

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

• अति-कान्तिः (ati-kāntiḥ) - profound splendor (excessive splendor/beauty)

• एव (eva) - truly, indeed, only

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - of you (respectful form)

• काय-आश्रया (kāya-āśrayā) - residing in your form (residing in the body, embodied, corporeal)

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is perceived, is seen, appears

• प्रोत्थाय (protthāya) - having risen up, having stood up, having emerged

• अशनिम् (aśanim) - lightning, thunderbolt

• आतनोसि (ātanosi) - you unleash, you cast forth (you spread, extend, produce)

• किम् (kim) - what is this? (rhetorical question) (what? why?)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• तुच्छम् (tuccham) - paltry, trivial, worthless, insignificant

• तव (tava) - your

• अचेष्टितम् (aceṣṭitam) - this trivial action of yours (improper/unseemly action, deed, behavior)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

स्नासि (snāsi) - you bathe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of snā

Present Tense

Root snā (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: snā (class 2)

सु-तीर्थ-वारि-विसरैः (su-tīrtha-vāri-visaraiḥ) - with abundant waters from excellent sacred bathing places

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of su-tīrtha-vāri-visara

su-tīrtha-vāri-visara - abundance of waters from excellent holy places or fords

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (su-tīrtha+vāri+visara)

• su-tīrtha – an excellent or auspicious bathing place/ford
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: su
• vāri – water
  noun (neuter)
• visara – expansion, multitude, abundance, stream, flow
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sṛ

उच्चैः-पदस्थः (uccaiḥ-padasthaḥ) - situated in a high position

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uccaiḥ-padastha

uccaiḥ-padastha - situated in a high place/position, high-ranking

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (uccaiḥ+pada+stha)

• uccaiḥ – high, aloft, loudly, strongly
  indeclinable
• pada – foot, step, place, position, station
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad
• stha – standing, staying, situated, abiding in
  adjective
  From root sthā 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'ambudaḥ'.

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - O cloud! (cloud (lit. giver of water))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (water-giver)

Compound of ambhas (water) and da (giver, from root dā 'to give').

Compound type : Upapada Tatpuruṣa (ambhas+da)

• ambhas – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, granting; a giver
  adjective/suffix
  From root dā 'to give'.
  Root: dā (class 1)

शुद्धः (śuddhaḥ) - pure, clean, clear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, spotless, clear, purified

Past Passive Participle

From root śudh 'to be clean'.

Root: śudh (class 4)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

as - being, existing; good, real, true

Present Active Participle

From root as 'to be'.

Root: as (class 2)

विपिन-अवनौ (vipina-avanau) - in the forest region/earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vipina-avani

vipina-avani - forest region, forest land, wild area

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vipina+avani)

• vipina – forest, grove, thicket
  noun (neuter)
• avani – earth, ground, land, region
  noun (feminine)
  Root: av

निवससि (nivasasi) - you dwell, you reside, you inhabit

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vas

Present Tense

Root vas (1st class, Parasmaipada) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

प्रारब्ध-मौन-व्रतः (prārabdha-mauna-vrataḥ) - having undertaken a vow of silence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prārabdha-mauna-vrata

prārabdha-mauna-vrata - one who has commenced/undertaken a vow of silence

`prārabdha` is a Past Passive Participle (from pra + ā + rabh).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (prārabdha+mauna+vrata)

• prārabdha – commenced, undertaken, begun, initiated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rabh with prefixes pra and ā.
  Prefixes: pra+ā
  Root: rabh (class 1)
• mauna – silence, taciturnity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mun
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)

रिक्तस्य (riktasya) - of the empty one, even when empty

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rikta

rikta - empty, hollow, vacant, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

From root ric 'to empty'.

Root: ric (class 7)

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अति-कान्तिः (ati-kāntiḥ) - profound splendor (excessive splendor/beauty)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ati-kānti

ati-kānti - excessive beauty, great splendor, supernal charm

`ati` is a prefix meaning 'excessive' or 'beyond'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ati+kānti)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
  indeclinable
• kānti – beauty, loveliness, splendor, brilliance, charm
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kam

एव (eva) - truly, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - of you (respectful form)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your, belonging to you (respectful 2nd person pronoun)

Present Active Participle from bhū

Can be used as a respectful second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

काय-आश्रया (kāya-āśrayā) - residing in your form (residing in the body, embodied, corporeal)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kāya-āśraya

kāya-āśraya - residing in the body, dependent on the body, embodied

`āśraya` (dwelling, resorting to, dependent on) is from root śri with prefix ā.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāya+āśraya)

• kāya – body, form, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ci
• āśraya – resorting to, dependent on, dwelling in; a dwelling place
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root śri with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is perceived, is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present Tense

Root lakṣ (10th class, Ātmanepada), passive voice form.

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

प्रोत्थाय (protthāya) - having risen up, having stood up, having emerged

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root sthā 'to stand' with prefixes pra and ut.

Prefixes: pra+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

अशनिम् (aśanim) - lightning, thunderbolt

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśani

aśani - lightning, thunderbolt, Indra's weapon

From root aś 'to obtain, reach'.

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Object of 'ātanosi'.

आतनोसि (ātanosi) - you unleash, you cast forth (you spread, extend, produce)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tan

Present Tense

Root tan (8th class, Parasmaipada) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

किम् (kim) - what is this? (rhetorical question) (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why? (interrogative pronoun/particle)

Interrogative pronoun (neuter nominative/accusative singular) or interrogative particle.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)

तुच्छम् (tuccham) - paltry, trivial, worthless, insignificant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tuccha

tuccha - empty, trivial, worthless, insignificant, small

Root: tud (class 6)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Pronominal genitive singular.

अचेष्टितम् (aceṣṭitam) - this trivial action of yours (improper/unseemly action, deed, behavior)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aceṣṭita

aceṣṭita - improper action, unseemly deed, inaction

Past Passive Participle (used nominally)

From 'a' (negation) + 'ceṣṭita' (action, deed from root ceṣṭ 'to act').

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ceṣṭita)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• ceṣṭita – acted, done; an action, deed, movement
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used nominally)
  From root ceṣṭ 'to move, act'.
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the interrogative phrase.