योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-116, verse-66

तुल्यवर्णच्छदैः कृष्णः संगतैः किल कोकिलैः ।
केन विज्ञायते काकः स्वयं यदि न भाषते ॥ ६६ ॥

tulyavarṇacchadaiḥ kṛṣṇaḥ saṃgataiḥ kila kokilaiḥ ,
kena vijñāyate kākaḥ svayaṃ yadi na bhāṣate 66

66. tulyavarṇacchadaiḥ kṛṣṇaḥ saṃgataiḥ kila kokilaiḥ
kena vijñāyate kākaḥ svayam yadi na bhāṣate

66. kṛṣṇaḥ kākaḥ svayam yadi na bhāṣate (tarhi)
tulyavarṇacchadaiḥ saṃgataiḥ kila kokilaiḥ kena vijñāyate

66. If the black crow does not speak itself, by whom can it be distinguished when associated with cuckoos having similar colored plumage?

Words meanings summery:

• तुल्यवर्णच्छदैः (tulyavarṇacchadaiḥ) - with similar colored plumage/feathers

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - black, dark

• संगतैः (saṁgataiḥ) - associated, united, joined

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, reportedly

• कोकिलैः (kokilaiḥ) - cuckoos

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what

• विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is distinguished, is recognized

• काकः (kākaḥ) - crow

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

• यदि (yadi) - if

• न (na) - not, no

• भाषते (bhāṣate) - speaks, talks

Words meanings and morphology

तुल्यवर्णच्छदैः (tulyavarṇacchadaiḥ) - with similar colored plumage/feathers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tulyavarṇacchada

tulyavarṇacchada - one having similar colored plumage/feathers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tulya+varṇa+chada)

• tulya – similar, equal, comparable
  adjective
• varṇa – color, caste, quality
  noun (masculine)
• chada – cover, leaf, feather, wing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kokilaiḥ'

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - black, dark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue, also a proper noun (Kṛṣṇa)

Note: Qualifies 'kākaḥ'

संगतैः (saṁgataiḥ) - associated, united, joined

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃgata

saṁgata - associated, united, come together, met

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' with prefix 'sam' and suffix -ta

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kokilaiḥ'

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, reportedly

(indeclinable)

कोकिलैः (kokilaiḥ) - cuckoos

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kokila

kokila - cuckoo, Indian cuckoo

केन (kena) - by whom, by what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

विज्ञायते (vijñāyate) - is known, is distinguished, is recognized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vijñā

passive form

Passive voice of the verb 'vijñā'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

काकः (kākaḥ) - crow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

भाषते (bhāṣate) - speaks, talks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

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