योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-47, verse-90

अविरलमिदमाततं विकल्पैरसदुदितैरपि तैर्द्विचन्द्रकल्पैः ।
विरचितमसतानुपन्नसत्यं जगदिह तेन विमूढता किमुत्था ॥ ९० ॥

aviralamidamātataṃ vikalpairasaduditairapi tairdvicandrakalpaiḥ ,
viracitamasatānupannasatyaṃ jagadiha tena vimūḍhatā kimutthā 90

90. aviralam idam ātatam vikalpaiḥ asat
uditaiḥ api taiḥ dvicandrakalpaiḥ
viracitam asatā anupannasatyam
jagat iha tena vimūḍhatā kim utthā

90. iha idam aviralam ātatam jagat asatā vikalpaiḥ api taiḥ dvicandrakalpaiḥ asat uditaiḥ viracitam anupannasatyam.
tena kim vimūḍhatā utthā?

90. This dense and pervasive world here is created by unreal mental constructs, even by those resembling the illusion of a double moon. It is fashioned by unreality, its truth never truly arising. Therefore, why should such great delusion arise?

Words meanings summery:

• अविरलम् (aviralam) - pervasive and dense (describing the world) (dense, continuous, compact, full)

• इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this)

• आततम् (ātatam) - spread, extended, pervasive

• विकल्पैः (vikalpaiḥ) - by deceptive or erroneous mental constructions (by mental constructs, by errors, by alternatives)

• असत् (asat) - from that which is not real or substantial (unreal, non-existent, untruth)

• उदितैः (uditaiḥ) - by those [vikalpaiḥ] that have arisen (from unreality) (by those arisen, by those uttered)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those [vikalpaiḥ] (by those)

• द्विचन्द्रकल्पैः (dvicandrakalpaiḥ) - referring to optical illusions (like a double moon, resembling a double moon)

• विरचितम् (viracitam) - created, composed, fashioned

• असता (asatā) - by that which is not real or substantial (by unreality, by the non-existent)

• अनुपन्नसत्यम् (anupannasatyam) - refers to the world having no inherent truth (whose truth has not arisen, unreal in truth)

• जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• तेन (tena) - as a result, for that reason (by that, therefore)

• विमूढता (vimūḍhatā) - great delusion, folly

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what?, why?)

• उत्था (utthā) - why does it arise? (referring to vimūḍhatā) (arisen, arises (feminine nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

अविरलम् (aviralam) - pervasive and dense (describing the world) (dense, continuous, compact, full)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avirala

avirala - dense, compact, continuous, uninterrupted

Negative prefix a- with virala (sparse)

Compound type : dvandva (a+virala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• virala – sparse, rare, loose, separated
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'jagat'.

इदम् (idam) - this (world) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

आततम् (ātatam) - spread, extended, pervasive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātata

ātata - spread, extended, stretched, pervasive

Past Passive Participle

from root tan with ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 0)

Note: Adjective modifying 'jagat'.

विकल्पैः (vikalpaiḥ) - by deceptive or erroneous mental constructions (by mental constructs, by errors, by alternatives)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikalpa

vikalpa - option, alternative, mental construct, error, doubt

from root kḷp with vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kḷp (class 0)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating agency.

असत् (asat) - from that which is not real or substantial (unreal, non-existent, untruth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - unreal, non-existent, untruth, evil

Negative prefix a- with sat (being, existence)

Compound type : dvandva (a+sat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sat – being, existing, real, good
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 0)

Note: Used here in conjunction with 'uditaiḥ' to mean 'arisen from unreality'.

उदितैः (uditaiḥ) - by those [vikalpaiḥ] that have arisen (from unreality) (by those arisen, by those uttered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of udita

udita - arisen, appeared, uttered, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From root vad with ud- or from root i with ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vad (class 0)

Note: Refers to vikalpaiḥ. 'asat uditaiḥ' implies 'arisen from unreality'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those [vikalpaiḥ] (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to 'vikalpaiḥ'.

द्विचन्द्रकल्पैः (dvicandrakalpaiḥ) - referring to optical illusions (like a double moon, resembling a double moon)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvicandrakalpa

dvicandrakalpa - resembling a double moon, like a double moon (an optical illusion)

Suffix -kalpa (like, resembling)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvicandra+kalpa)

• dvicandra – two moons, double moon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vikalpaiḥ'.

विरचितम् (viracitam) - created, composed, fashioned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viracita

viracita - created, composed, constructed, fashioned

Past Passive Participle

from root rac with vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: rac (class 0)

Note: Qualifies 'jagat'.

असता (asatā) - by that which is not real or substantial (by unreality, by the non-existent)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of asat

asat - unreal, non-existent, untruth

Negative prefix a- with sat (being, existence)

Compound type : dvandva (a+sat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sat – being, existing, real
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 0)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating agency: 'by unreality'.

अनुपन्नसत्यम् (anupannasatyam) - refers to the world having no inherent truth (whose truth has not arisen, unreal in truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anupannasatya

anupannasatya - whose truth has not arisen, not truly real, unreal

Compound type : bahuvrihi (anupanna+satya)

• anupanna – not arisen, not occurred, not fitting
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negative prefix a- with upanna (arisen)
  Prefix: an
  Root: pad (class 0)
• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'jagat'.

जगत् (jagat) - world, universe, moving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 0)

Note: Refers to the phenomenal world.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - as a result, for that reason (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used here adverbially meaning 'therefore'.

विमूढता (vimūḍhatā) - great delusion, folly

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vimūḍhatā

vimūḍhatā - great delusion, utter folly, bewilderment

from vimūḍha (utterly deluded) + suffix -tā

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative adverb) (what?, why?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'.

उत्था (utthā) - why does it arise? (referring to vimūḍhatā) (arisen, arises (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of utthā

utthā - arisen, stood up, originating

Past Passive Participle (feminine)

from root sthā with ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 0)

Note: Used predicatively with 'vimūḍhatā'.

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