महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-55, verse-71

ते वध्यमाना भीमेन धार्तराष्ट्राः पराङ्मुखाः ।
कर्णमासाद्य समरे स्थिता राजन्समन्ततः ।
स हि तेषां महावीर्यो द्वीपोऽभूत्सुमहाबलः ॥७१॥

71. te vadhyamānā bhīmena dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ parāṅmukhāḥ ,
karṇamāsādya samare sthitā rājansamantataḥ ,
sa hi teṣāṁ mahāvīryo dvīpo'bhūtsumahābalaḥ.

71. te vadhyamānāḥ bhīmena dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ
parāṅmukhāḥ karṇam āsādya samare
sthitāḥ rājan samantataḥ saḥ hi teṣām
mahāvīryaḥ dvīpaḥ abhūt sumahābalaḥ

71. rājan,
te bhīmena vadhyamānāḥ parāṅmukhāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ samare karṇam āsādya samantataḥ sthitāḥ.
hi saḥ teṣām sumahābalaḥ mahāvīryaḥ dvīpaḥ abhūt.

71. O King, those Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas), who were retreating and being assailed by Bhīma, having reached Karṇa in battle, took their stand around him from all sides. For indeed, that exceedingly mighty and greatly valorous Karṇa became a refuge (dvīpa) for them.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (those, they)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being assailed

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Kauravas

• पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - having their faces turned away, retreating

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, approaching, having obtained

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood, situated, positioned themselves

• राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

• सः (saḥ) - Karṇa (he)

• हि (hi) - For (explaining the reason) (indeed, surely, for)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for the Dhārtarāṣṭras (of them, for them)

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, exceedingly mighty

• द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - metaphorically a refuge/shelter in battle (island, refuge, shelter)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

• सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - exceedingly mighty, of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being assailed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being assailed

present passive participle

Present passive participle of root han (to strike/kill), with vadhādeśa for han, and suffix -śānac

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a son of Pāṇḍu)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'vadhyamānāḥ'.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

पराङ्मुखाः (parāṅmukhāḥ) - having their faces turned away, retreating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, retreating, averted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāc+mukha)

• parāc – away, backwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a hero in the Mahābhārata)

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, approaching, having obtained

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive of root sad with prefix ā, and suffix -lyap

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood, situated, positioned themselves

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, placed

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root sthā with suffix -kta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective verb, agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all-round) with suffix -tas

सः (saḥ) - Karṇa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

हि (hi) - For (explaining the reason) (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for the Dhārtarāṣṭras (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Here used with the sense of 'for them' (dative equivalent).

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, exceedingly mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great valor, very mighty, heroic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpaḥ' and refers to Karṇa.

द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - metaphorically a refuge/shelter in battle (island, refuge, shelter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent; refuge, shelter

Note: Metaphorical use, meaning 'refuge'.

अभूत् (abhūt) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of abhūt

Aorist

3rd person singular aorist active of root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - exceedingly mighty, of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - exceedingly mighty, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahā+bala)

• su – good, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• mahā – great
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpaḥ' and refers to Karṇa.