महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-55, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा च रथनिर्घोषं सिंहनादं च संयुगे ।
अर्जुनः प्राह गोविन्दं शीघ्रं चोदय वाजिनः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śrutvā ca rathanirghoṣaṁ siṁhanādaṁ ca saṁyuge ,
arjunaḥ prāha govindaṁ śīghraṁ codaya vājinaḥ.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca śrutvā ca rathanirghoṣam siṃhanādam ca
saṃyuge arjunaḥ prāha govindam śīghram codaya vājinaḥ

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca saṃyuge rathanirghoṣam ca siṃhanādam ca śrutvā,
arjunaḥ govindam prāha – “vājinaḥ śīghram codaya”

1. Sañjaya said: "Having heard the roar of chariots and the lion's roar in battle, Arjuna spoke to Govinda (Kṛṣṇa): 'Quickly, drive the horses!'"

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च (ca) - and

• रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - the roar/sound of chariots

• सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - lion's roar

• च (ca) - and

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke

• गोविन्दम् (govindam) - to Govinda (Kṛṣṇa)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• चोदय (codaya) - impel, urge, drive

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - the horses

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious, conqueror; name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Bhagavad Gītā

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śru (to hear), suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - the roar/sound of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathanirghoṣa

rathanirghoṣa - sound of chariots, rattling of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+nirghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• nirghoṣa – loud sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

सिंहनादम् (siṁhanādam) - lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar; a loud defiant shout

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - conjunction, battle, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear; name of one of the Pāṇḍavas

प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prahā

Perfect Active

From root ah (to say) with prefix pra, 3rd person singular perfect active

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

गोविन्दम् (govindam) - to Govinda (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - cow-finder; protector of cows; name of Kṛṣṇa

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

चोदय (codaya) - impel, urge, drive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of cud

Imperative Active (Causative/10th class)

From root cud (to impel), 2nd person singular imperative active (usually 10th class or causative stem)

Root: cud (class 10)

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - the horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - swift, spirited; a horse, a courser