महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-12, verse-71

संशप्तकानभिमुखौ प्रयातौ केशवार्जुनौ ।
वातोद्धूतपताकेन स्यन्दनेनौघनादिना ॥७१॥

71. saṁśaptakānabhimukhau prayātau keśavārjunau ,
vātoddhūtapatākena syandanenaughanādinā.

71. saṃśaptakān abhimukhau prayātau keśava-arjunau
| vāta-uddhūta-patākena syandanena ogha-nādinā

71. keśava-arjunau saṃśaptakān abhimukhau prayātau,
vāta-uddhūta-patākena ogha-nādinā syandanena (gatau).

71. Keśava and Arjuna proceeded, facing the Saṃśaptakas, in a chariot whose banner was unfurled by the wind and which roared like a thunderous cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors who swore to conquer or die))

• अभिमुखौ (abhimukhau) - facing (facing, turned towards)

• प्रयातौ (prayātau) - proceeded (gone forth, proceeded, advanced)

• केशव-अर्जुनौ (keśava-arjunau) - Keśava (Krishna) and Arjuna

• वात-उद्धूत-पताकेन (vāta-uddhūta-patākena) - with its banner unfurled by the wind (by a banner unfurled by the wind)

• स्यन्दनेन (syandanena) - in a chariot (by the chariot, with the chariot)

• ओघ-नादिना (ogha-nādinā) - roaring like a thunderous cloud (roaring like a flood, thundering like a cloud)

Words meanings and morphology

संशप्तकान् (saṁśaptakān) - the Saṃśaptakas (the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors who swore to conquer or die))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - those who have sworn together (a specific oath to conquer or die in battle, referring to a specific contingent of Kuru army)

From `sam-śap` (to swear together) + `kta` (participle suffix).

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Object of `abhimukhau` (facing towards).

अभिमुखौ (abhimukhau) - facing (facing, turned towards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, turned towards, confronting

From `abhi` + `mukha` (face).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to `keśava-arjunau`.

प्रयातौ (prayātau) - proceeded (gone forth, proceeded, advanced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, set out, proceeded, advanced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yā` (to go) with prefix `pra` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally with `keśava-arjunau`. Often functions as a finite verb in such contexts.

केशव-अर्जुनौ (keśava-arjunau) - Keśava (Krishna) and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of keśava-arjuna

keśava-arjuna - Keśava and Arjuna (dual compound)

Compound type : dvandva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Krishna (a name for Vishnu)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (one of the Pandava brothers)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: The two protagonists mentioned.

वात-उद्धूत-पताकेन (vāta-uddhūta-patākena) - with its banner unfurled by the wind (by a banner unfurled by the wind)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vāta-uddhūta-patāka

vāta-uddhūta-patāka - having a banner unfurled by the wind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+uddhūta+patākā)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• uddhūta – unfurled, shaken, agitated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `dhū` (to shake) with prefix `ud`.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• patākā – banner, flag
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies `syandanena`.

स्यन्दनेन (syandanena) - in a chariot (by the chariot, with the chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of syandana

syandana - chariot, car, flowing, dripping

From root `syand` (to flow, run).

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Describes the means of travel.

ओघ-नादिना (ogha-nādinā) - roaring like a thunderous cloud (roaring like a flood, thundering like a cloud)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ogha-nādin

ogha-nādin - roaring like a flood/cloud, thundering loudly

From `ogha` (flood, torrent, mass, cloud) + `nādin` (roaring, sounding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ogha+nādin)

• ogha – flood, torrent, mass, cloud
  noun (masculine)
• nādin – roaring, sounding, making noise
  adjective
  Derived from root `nad` (to roar, sound) with suffix `ṇini`.
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `syandanena`.