महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-12, verse-45

तमाचार्यसुतः क्रुद्धः साश्वयन्तारमाशुगैः ।
युयुत्सुर्नाशकद्योद्धुं पार्थस्तानन्तराच्छिनत् ॥४५॥

45. tamācāryasutaḥ kruddhaḥ sāśvayantāramāśugaiḥ ,
yuyutsurnāśakadyoddhuṁ pārthastānantarācchinat.

45. tam ācāryasutaḥ kruddhaḥ sa-aśva-yantāram āśugaiḥ
yuyutsuḥ na aśakat yoddhum pārthaḥ tān antarā acchinat

45. kruddhaḥ ācāryasutaḥ sa-aśva-yantāram tam āśugaiḥ
yoddhum yuyutsuḥ na aśakat pārthaḥ tān antarā acchinat

45. Enraged, the teacher's son (Aśvatthāman), wishing to fight him (Arjuna) with swift arrows, was unable to engage Arjuna, who was with his horse and charioteer; instead, Partha severed those [arrows] midway.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him)

• आचार्यसुतः (ācāryasutaḥ) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa. (the teacher's son)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - Arjuna, fully equipped in his chariot with his charioteer and horses. (with horse and charioteer)

• आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift-going arrows

• युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - desirous of fighting, wishing to fight

• न (na) - not

• अशकत् (aśakat) - was able

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (a name of Arjuna)

• तान् (tān) - Refers to Aśvatthāman's swift arrows (āśugaiḥ). (them)

• अन्तरा (antarā) - in the middle, midway

• अच्छिनत् (acchinat) - cut, severed

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Arjuna. (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that; he/she/it

आचार्यसुतः (ācāryasutaḥ) - Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa. (the teacher's son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāryasuta

ācāryasuta - teacher's son

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ācārya+suta)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Past passive participle of root 'sū' (to beget) used as a noun.
  Root: sū (class 2)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'kruudh' (to be angry) with the past passive participle suffix '-ta'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'ācāryasutaḥ'.

स-अश्व-यन्तारम् (sa-aśva-yantāram) - Arjuna, fully equipped in his chariot with his charioteer and horses. (with horse and charioteer)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-aśva-yantṛ

sa-aśva-yantṛ - accompanied by a horse and a charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (or tatpuruṣa with 'sa') (sa+aśva+yantṛ)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yantṛ – charioteer, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from the root 'yam' (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Arjuna).

आशुगैः (āśugaiḥ) - with swift-going arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-going, an arrow (that goes swiftly)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick; quickly
  adjective/indeclinable
• ga – going, moving; a goer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent suffix -ga
  Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix '-ga'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

युयुत्सुः (yuyutsuḥ) - desirous of fighting, wishing to fight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting

Desiderative Participle

Derived from the desiderative stem of the root 'yudh' (to fight) with the suffix '-u'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अशकत् (aśakat) - was able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect Active

Imperfect third person singular active form of the root 'śak'.

Root: śak (class 5)

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (a name of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Patronymic derivation from 'pṛthā'.

तान् (tān) - Refers to Aśvatthāman's swift arrows (āśugaiḥ). (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that; he/she/it

अन्तरा (antarā) - in the middle, midway

(indeclinable)

अच्छिनत् (acchinat) - cut, severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of chid

Imperfect Active

Imperfect third person singular active form of the root 'chid'.

Root: chid (class 7)