महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-12, verse-54

द्रौणेरिषूनर्जुनः संनिवार्य व्यायच्छतस्तद्द्विगुणैः सुपुङ्खैः ।
तं साश्वसूतध्वजमेकवीरमावृत्य संशप्तकसैन्यमार्छत् ॥५४॥

54. drauṇeriṣūnarjunaḥ saṁnivārya; vyāyacchatastaddviguṇaiḥ supuṅkhaiḥ ,
taṁ sāśvasūtadhvajamekavīra;māvṛtya saṁśaptakasainyamārchat.

54. drauṇeḥ iṣūn arjunaḥ saṃnivārya
vyāyacchatas tat dviguṇaiḥ supuṅkhaiḥ
tam sa-aśva-sūta-dhvajam eka-vīram
āvṛtya saṃśaptaka-sainyam ārchat

54. arjunaḥ drauṇeḥ iṣūn saṃnivārya,
vyāyacchatas (san) tat dviguṇaiḥ supuṅkhaiḥ (bāṇaiḥ) (pratyākṣipat).
tataḥ saṃśaptaka-sainyam tam sa-aśva-sūta-dhvajam eka-vīram āvṛtya ārchat

54. Arjuna, having blocked the arrows of Droṇa's son, fought back with well-feathered arrows that were twice the number (of those he blocked). Then, the Saṃśaptaka army, having surrounded that lone hero – along with his horses, charioteer, and banner – attacked him.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Droṇa's son)

• इषून् (iṣūn) - arrows

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• संनिवार्य (saṁnivārya) - having blocked, having warded off

• व्यायच्छतस् (vyāyacchatas) - of Arjuna while he was fighting (of one fighting, of one exerting oneself, while fighting)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the arrows of Droṇa's son, implying 'twice as many as those' (that, those)

• द्विगुणैः (dviguṇaiḥ) - with arrows that were twice the number (by twofold, by double, twice as many)

• सुपुङ्खैः (supuṅkhaiḥ) - with well-feathered arrows (by well-feathered)

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

• स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वजम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvajam) - Arjuna, together with his horses, charioteer, and banner (along with horses, charioteer, and banner)

• एक-वीरम् (eka-vīram) - Arjuna, as a lone hero (lone hero, single hero)

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

• संशप्तक-सैन्यम् (saṁśaptaka-sainyam) - the army of the Saṃśaptakas

• आर्छत् (ārchat) - attacked, afflicted, went towards

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौणेः (drauṇeḥ) - of Aśvatthāman (of Droṇa's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāman

इषून् (iṣūn) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna

संनिवार्य (saṁnivārya) - having blocked, having warded off

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed with prefixes sam- and ni- from root vṛ (class 9, to cover, choose, obstruct) with the suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛ (class 9)

व्यायच्छतस् (vyāyacchatas) - of Arjuna while he was fighting (of one fighting, of one exerting oneself, while fighting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyāyacchat

vyāyacchat - fighting, exerting oneself

Present Active Participle

From root yam (class 1, to strive, to fight) with prefixes vi- and ā-, suffix śatṛ.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Used here to modify an implicit subject (Arjuna) in a genitive absolute construction.

तत् (tat) - referring to the arrows of Droṇa's son, implying 'twice as many as those' (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Used here pronominally referring to the arrows previously mentioned.

द्विगुणैः (dviguṇaiḥ) - with arrows that were twice the number (by twofold, by double, twice as many)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double, twice as many

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvi+guṇa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• guṇa – multiplier, quality, thread
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies implicit 'arrows'.

सुपुङ्खैः (supuṅkhaiḥ) - with well-feathered arrows (by well-feathered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of supuṅkha

supuṅkha - well-feathered (an arrow)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+puṅkha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• puṅkha – feather (of an arrow)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies implicit 'arrows'.

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

स-अश्व-सूत-ध्वजम् (sa-aśva-sūta-dhvajam) - Arjuna, together with his horses, charioteer, and banner (along with horses, charioteer, and banner)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja

sa-aśva-sūta-dhvaja - with horses, charioteer, and banner

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+aśva+sūta+dhvaja)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound describing Arjuna.

एक-वीरम् (eka-vīram) - Arjuna, as a lone hero (lone hero, single hero)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka-vīra

eka-vīra - lone hero, unique hero

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (eka+vīra)

• eka – one, sole, single
  numeral
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound describing Arjuna.

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having surrounded, having encompassed

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed with prefix ā- from root vṛ (class 9, to cover, enclose) with the suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 9)

संशप्तक-सैन्यम् (saṁśaptaka-sainyam) - the army of the Saṃśaptakas

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃśaptaka-sainya

saṁśaptaka-sainya - army of the Saṃśaptakas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (saṃśaptaka+sainya)

• saṃśaptaka – Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors who swore to conquer or die)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)

आर्छत् (ārchat) - attacked, afflicted, went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of ṛcch

Root: ṛcch (class 6)