महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-12, verse-42

शरैर्विशकलीकुर्वन्नमित्रानभ्यवीवृषत् ।
अलंकृतानश्वसादीन्पत्तींश्चाहन्धनंजयः ॥४२॥

42. śarairviśakalīkurvannamitrānabhyavīvṛṣat ,
alaṁkṛtānaśvasādīnpattīṁścāhandhanaṁjayaḥ.

42. śaraiḥ viśakalīkurvan amitrān abhyavīvṛṣat
alaṅkṛtān aśvasādīn pattīn ca āhan dhanaṃjayaḥ

42. dhanaṃjayaḥ śaraiḥ amitrān viśakalīkurvan
abhyavīvṛṣat alaṅkṛtān aśvasādīn ca pattīn āhan

42. Dhananjaya, tearing his enemies to pieces with arrows, relentlessly showered them [with weapons] and struck down the adorned horse-riders and foot-soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• विशकलीकुर्वन् (viśakalīkurvan) - shattering, tearing to pieces, rending

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

• अभ्यवीवृषत् (abhyavīvṛṣat) - showered upon, rained down upon

• अलङ्कृतान् (alaṅkṛtān) - adorned, decorated

• अश्वसादीन् (aśvasādīn) - horse-riders, cavalry

• पत्तीन् (pattīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and

• आहन् (āhan) - struck, killed

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (a name of Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed; water

विशकलीकुर्वन् (viśakalīkurvan) - shattering, tearing to pieces, rending

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśakalīkurvat

viśakalīkurvat - tearing to pieces (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the denominative verb 'viśakalīkṛ' (to tear into pieces), which is formed from 'viśakala' (pieces/fragments) and the root 'kṛ' (to do/make).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy; not a friend

Negative compound: a (not) + mitra (friend).

अभ्यवीवृषत् (abhyavīvṛṣat) - showered upon, rained down upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyavīvṛṣat

Imperfect Active

Formed with prefixes 'abhi' (towards, upon) and 'ava' (down, away) from the root 'vṛṣ' (to rain, shower). Imperfect third person singular active.

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

अलङ्कृतान् (alaṅkṛtān) - adorned, decorated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of alaṅkṛta

alaṅkṛta - adorned, decorated, ornamented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to do/make) with the prefix 'alaṃ' (sufficiently, beautifully) and past passive participle suffix '-ta'.

Prefix: alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'aśvasādīn' and 'pattīn'.

अश्वसादीन् (aśvasādīn) - horse-riders, cavalry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśvasādin

aśvasādin - horse-rider, one who sits on a horse

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (aśva+sādin)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sādin – rider, one who sits or mounts
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'sad' (to sit) with the agent suffix '-in'.
  Root: sad (class 1)

पत्तीन् (pattīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pattin

pattin - foot-soldier, infantryman

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आहन् (āhan) - struck, killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

Imperfect Active

Imperfect third person singular active form of the root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (a name of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth; a name for Arjuna

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest; conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)