महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-57

न संधारयितुं शक्ता तव सेना जनाधिप ।
मदमूर्छान्वितात्मानं प्रमदेवाध्वनि स्थिता ॥५७॥

57. na saṁdhārayituṁ śaktā tava senā janādhipa ,
madamūrchānvitātmānaṁ pramadevādhvani sthitā.

57. na saṃdhārayitum śaktā tava senā janādhipa
madamūrcchānvitātmānam pramadā iva adhvani sthitā

57. janādhipa tava senā saṃdhārayitum na śaktā iva
madamūrcchānvitātmānam adhvani sthitā pramadā

57. O lord of people (janādhipa), your army (senā), (being) filled with fear of Bhimasena and deluded by Dhrishtadyumna (from the previous verse), was unable to restrain itself, just like an intoxicated woman (pramadā) standing on a road, whose self (ātman) is overcome by intoxication and stupor.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• संधारयितुम् (saṁdhārayitum) - to hold back, to restrain, to sustain

• शक्ता (śaktā) - (your army was) able (capable, able, strong)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• सेना (senā) - (Duryodhana's) army (army, host)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - (Addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king of men, O lord of people)

• मदमूर्च्छान्वितात्मानम् (madamūrcchānvitātmānam) - describing the state of the intoxicated woman's mind/self; referring to the army's own state of mind (its ātman) (one whose self/mind is accompanied by intoxication and stupor)

• प्रमदा (pramadā) - a woman, an intoxicated woman

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the road, in the path

• स्थिता (sthitā) - (the woman) standing (standing, situated, being)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

संधारयितुम् (saṁdhārayitum) - to hold back, to restrain, to sustain

(indeclinable)

infinitive

from causative root dhṛ (to hold) with prefix sam, suffix -tum

Prefix: sam

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

शक्ता (śaktā) - (your army was) able (capable, able, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakta

śakta - capable, able, powerful

Past Passive Participle

from root śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate for 'senā'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

सेना (senā) - (Duryodhana's) army (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, armed force

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - (Addressing Dhritarashtra) (O king of men, O lord of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

मदमूर्च्छान्वितात्मानम् (madamūrcchānvitātmānam) - describing the state of the intoxicated woman's mind/self; referring to the army's own state of mind (its ātman) (one whose self/mind is accompanied by intoxication and stupor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madamūrcchānvitātman

madamūrcchānvitātman - one whose self/mind is accompanied by intoxication and stupor

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mada+mūrcchā+anvita+ātman)

• mada – intoxication, pride, passion, stupor
  noun (masculine)
• mūrcchā – fainting, swoon, stupor, unconsciousness
  noun (feminine)
• anvita – accompanied by, possessed of, connected with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root i with prefix anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, mind, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: As an accusative object, it signifies 'itself' (the army's inner state) that the army is unable to restrain. Refers to the internal state of the army being compared to the woman.

प्रमदा (pramadā) - a woman, an intoxicated woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pramadā

pramadā - an intoxicated woman, any woman

Note: Part of the simile: 'like a woman'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the road, in the path

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey

स्थिता (sthitā) - (the woman) standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, being, existing

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pramadā'.