महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-45

सोऽतिविद्धस्तदा राजन्रणे द्रोणेन पार्थिवः ।
अपायाद्द्रुपदो राजन्पूर्ववैरमनुस्मरन् ॥४५॥

45. so'tividdhastadā rājanraṇe droṇena pārthivaḥ ,
apāyāddrupado rājanpūrvavairamanusmaran.

45. saḥ atividdhaḥ tadā rājan raṇe droṇena pārthivaḥ
| apāyāt drupadaḥ rājan pūrvavairam anusmaran

45. rājan tadā raṇe droṇena atividdhaḥ saḥ pārthivaḥ drupadaḥ,
rājan pūrvavairam anusmaran,
apāyāt

45. That king (pārthiva) Drupada, O King, severely wounded then in battle by Droṇa, retreated, remembering their old enmity.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely wounded, deeply pierced

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Droṇa

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

• अपायात् (apāyāt) - he retreated, he went away, he departed

• द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (name of a king)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

• पूर्ववैरम् (pūrvavairam) - old enmity, former hostility

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely wounded, deeply pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - severely wounded, deeply pierced

Past Passive Participle

Compound of ati (excessively) and viddha (pierced, wounded)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+viddha)

• ati – excessively, very, over, beyond
  prefix
• viddha – pierced, struck, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from √vyadh (to pierce, strike)
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Droṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor in the Mahābhārata)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king, ruler of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler of the earth, belonging to the earth

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with suffix -a

अपायात् (apāyāt) - he retreated, he went away, he departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of i

Imperfect tense, Active voice

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice of √i with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (name of a king, father of Draupadi)

राजन् (rājan) - O king, king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पूर्ववैरम् (pūrvavairam) - old enmity, former hostility

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvavaira

pūrvavaira - old enmity, former hostility

Compound of pūrva (former) and vaira (enmity)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+vaira)

• pūrva – former, old, prior
  adjective
• vaira – enmity, hostility, revenge
  noun (neuter)

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recalling

Present Active Participle

Formed from √smṛ (to remember) with prefix anu- and -at suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)