महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-31

एवमुक्त्वा ततो वीरो ययौ मध्येन भारतीम् ।
भीमसेनस्य मार्गेषु गदाप्रमथितैर्गजैः ॥३१॥

31. evamuktvā tato vīro yayau madhyena bhāratīm ,
bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu gadāpramathitairgajaiḥ.

31. evam uktvā tataḥ vīraḥ yayau madhyena bhāratīm
bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu gadāpramathitaiḥ gajaiḥ

31. evam uktvā tataḥ vīraḥ bhīmasenasya mārgeṣu
gadāpramathitaiḥ gajaiḥ madhyena bhāratīm yayau

31. Having spoken thus, the hero then proceeded through the midst of the army, along the paths that Vrikodara (Bhima) had made, marked by elephants crushed by his mace.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Arjuna (hero, brave man)

• ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

• मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, by the middle

• भारतीम् (bhāratīm) - the army (in the battle of Kurukṣetra) (the Bhārata army, the battle)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

• मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the paths, in the ways

• गदाप्रमथितैः (gadāpramathitaiḥ) - crushed by a mace

• गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'vac' (to speak) + ktvāpratyaya. 'vac' changes to 'uk' in some forms.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms an adverbial participle.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas (from) to 'tad' (that)

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Arjuna (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Refers to Arjuna in context of the Mahabharata.

ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root yā (2nd class, Parasmaipada) - reduplicated perfect form

Root: yā (class 2)

मध्येन (madhyena) - through the middle, by the middle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

Note: Used adverbially.

भारतीम् (bhāratīm) - the army (in the battle of Kurukṣetra) (the Bhārata army, the battle)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāratī

bhāratī - relating to Bharata; an army, battle

Note: Object of 'yayau' (went into/through).

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - of Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - name of the second Pandava brother

Note: Possessive, 'of Bhimasena'.

मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the paths, in the ways

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - path, road, way

Note: Along the paths.

गदाप्रमथितैः (gadāpramathitaiḥ) - crushed by a mace

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gadāpramathita

gadāpramathita - crushed or pounded by a mace

Past Passive Participle

Compound: gadā (mace) + pramathita (crushed); pramathita is from pra- (prefix) + math (to churn, crush)

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (gadā+pramathita)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• pramathita – crushed, pounded, churned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'math' (to churn, crush) with prefix 'pra' + ktapratyaya
  Prefix: pra
  Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gajaiḥ'.

गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Refers to the elephants that were crushed.