महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-73, verse-40

श्रुत्वा तु वाक्यं तममृष्यमाणा ज्येष्ठाज्ञया चोदिता धार्तराष्ट्राः ।
वधाय निष्पेतुरुदायुधास्ते युगक्षये केतवो यद्वदुग्राः ॥४०॥

40. śrutvā tu vākyaṁ tamamṛṣyamāṇā; jyeṣṭhājñayā coditā dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ,
vadhāya niṣpeturudāyudhāste; yugakṣaye ketavo yadvadugrāḥ.

40. śrutvā tu vākyam tam amṛṣyamāṇāḥ
jyeṣṭhājñayā coditāḥ dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ
vadhāya niṣpetuḥ udāyudhāḥ te
yugakṣaye ketavaḥ yadvat ugrāḥ

40. tu tam vākyam śrutvā,
amṛṣyamāṇāḥ jyeṣṭhājñayā coditāḥ te dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ,
vadhāya,
yugakṣaye ugrāḥ ketavaḥ yadvat,
udāyudhāḥ niṣpetuḥ.

40. Indeed, having heard that speech, those sons of Dhritarashtra, unable to tolerate it and impelled by the command of their eldest (Duryodhana), rushed forth for the killing with uplifted weapons, just as fierce comets appear at the end of a cosmic age (yuga).

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (speech, word, sentence)

• तम् (tam) - that (speech) (that, him)

• अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - unable to tolerate (it) (not enduring, unable to tolerate)

• ज्येष्ठाज्ञया (jyeṣṭhājñayā) - by the command of their eldest (Duryodhana) (by the command of the eldest)

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, sent)

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (sons of Dhritarashtra)

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for the killing (for killing, for slaughter)

• निष्पेतुः (niṣpetuḥ) - they rushed out (they rushed out, they fell down)

• उदायुधाः (udāyudhāḥ) - with uplifted weapons

• ते (te) - they (the Dhartarashtras) (they, those)

• युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of a cosmic age (yuga) (at the end of an age)

• केतवः (ketavaḥ) - comets (comets, banners, signs)

• यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as (just as, like, as)

• उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce (fierce, terrible, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech (speech, word, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, saying

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - that (speech) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

अमृष्यमाणाः (amṛṣyamāṇāḥ) - unable to tolerate (it) (not enduring, unable to tolerate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amṛṣyamāṇa

mṛṣ - to endure, to bear, to forgive

Present Middle Participle (negative)

From root 'mṛṣ' with negative prefix 'a-'.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

ज्येष्ठाज्ञया (jyeṣṭhājñayā) - by the command of their eldest (Duryodhana) (by the command of the eldest)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jyeṣṭhājñā

jyeṣṭhājñā - command of the eldest

Compound of 'jyeṣṭha' (eldest) and 'ājñā' (command).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jyeṣṭha+ājñā)

• jyeṣṭha – eldest, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)
• ājñā – command, order, authority
  noun (feminine)
  From 'ā-jñā' (to know, to command).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, sent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - impelled, urged, set in motion

Past Passive Participle

From root 'cud' (to urge, to impel).

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (sons of Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic from 'Dhṛtarāṣṭra'.

वधाय (vadhāya) - for the killing (for killing, for slaughter)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, slaying

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

निष्पेतुः (niṣpetuḥ) - they rushed out (they rushed out, they fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of nis-pat

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

From root 'pat' with prefix 'nis'.

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

उदायुधाः (udāyudhāḥ) - with uplifted weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udāyudha

udāyudha - having uplifted weapons, armed

Compound of 'ud' (up, forth) and 'āyudha' (weapon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ud+āyudha)

• ud – up, forth, out
  indeclinable
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Agrees with 'dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

ते (te) - they (the Dhartarashtras) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of a cosmic age (yuga) (at the end of an age)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugakṣaya

yugakṣaya - destruction of an age, end of a yuga

Compound of 'yuga' (age, era) and 'kṣaya' (destruction, end).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yuga+kṣaya)

• yuga – age, era, yoke
  noun (neuter)
• kṣaya – destruction, end, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

केतवः (ketavaḥ) - comets (comets, banners, signs)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ketu

ketu - comet, banner, flag, sign, mark

यद्वत् (yadvat) - just as (just as, like, as)

(indeclinable)

उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce (fierce, terrible, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, severe

Note: Agrees with 'ketavaḥ'.